iratkozik
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]No conclusive etymology, including the following options:
- from the verb ír + -atkozik[1][2] (semantically consistent, though involving the introduction of a less common compound suffix),
- from the causative verb írat + -kozik[3][4] (involving a vowel shortening, which is not uncommon with derivational suffixes, and maintaining semantic connection), and
- from the noun irat + -kozik[5] (debatable as this suffix is normally added to verbs and the semantic connection is dubious).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]iratkozik
- (intransitive) to enroll (to enter in a register; in something: -ra/-re or -ba/-be)
- Ha a tanuló más iskolába iratkozik, akkor a megfelelő dokumentumokat ki kell tölteni.
- If the student enrolls in another school, the appropriate documents must be filled out.
- 1976, Hegedüs Géza, Irodalmi arcképcsarnok (Literary Portrait Gallery): CSÁTH GÉZA (1888–1919)[1]:
- Hanem amikor az érettségi után feljön Budapestre, mindenki elképedésére az orvoskarra iratkozik, ahol hamarosan ki is tűnik szívós szorgalmával, szinte napról napra lemérhetően gazdagodó szakműveltségével.
- However, when he [Csáth Géza] comes to Budapest after graduation, to everyone's astonishment, he enrolls in the medical school, where he soon stands out with his tenacious diligence and his professional knowledge, which is growing measurably almost by the day.
Usage notes
[edit]This form normally occurs when a verbal prefix is separated from the verb:
- iratkozik (…) be, be … iratkozik ― beiratkozik
- iratkozik (…) fel, fel … iratkozik ― feliratkozik
- iratkozik (…) ki, ki … iratkozik ― kiiratkozik
- iratkozik (…) le, le … iratkozik ― leiratkozik
- and some more, see its derivatives with verbal prefixes.
This verb is sometimes (erroneously) spelled with a long í (*íratkozik) due to its ultimate root ír (“to write”) or the causative form írat (“to have someone write or to have something written”). However, there are several other derivations of the verb ír with a short i (irat, irka, irkál, iroda, irodalom, and iromány). Also, the suffix -kozik shortens the root in some other verbs as well (nyílik → nyilatkozik, nyír → nyiratkozik, hív → hivatkozik).
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of iratkozik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | iratkozom or iratkozok |
iratkozol | iratkozik | iratkozunk | iratkoztok | iratkoznak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | iratkoztam | iratkoztál | iratkozott | iratkoztunk | iratkoztatok | iratkoztak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. iratkozni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | iratkozék or iratkozám |
iratkozál | iratkoza or iratkozék |
iratkozánk | iratkozátok | iratkozának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. iratkozik vala, iratkozott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | iratkozandok (or iratkozandom) |
iratkozandasz (or iratkozandol) |
iratkozand (or iratkozandik*) |
iratkozandunk | iratkozandotok | iratkozandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | iratkoznék (or iratkoznám) |
iratkoznál | iratkozna (or iratkoznék*) |
iratkoznánk | iratkoznátok | iratkoznának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. iratkozott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | iratkozzak or iratkozzam |
iratkozz or iratkozzál |
iratkozzon or iratkozzék |
iratkozzunk | iratkozzatok | iratkozzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. iratkozott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | iratkozni | iratkoznom | iratkoznod | iratkoznia | iratkoznunk | iratkoznotok | iratkozniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| iratkozás | iratkozó | iratkozott | ― | iratkozva (iratkozván) | iratkoztat | ||||
potential conjugation of iratkozik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | iratkozhatok (or iratkozhatom) |
iratkozhatsz (or iratkozhatol) |
iratkozhat (or iratkozhatik) |
iratkozhatunk | iratkozhattok | iratkozhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | iratkozhattam | iratkozhattál | iratkozhatott | iratkozhattunk | iratkozhattatok | iratkozhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | iratkozhaték or iratkozhatám |
iratkozhatál | iratkozhata or iratkozhaték |
iratkozhatánk | iratkozhatátok | iratkozhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. iratkozhat vala, iratkozhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | iratkozhatandok or iratkozandhatok (or iratkozhatandom or iratkozandhatom) |
iratkozhatandasz or iratkozandhatsz (or iratkozhatandol or iratkozandhatol) |
iratkozhatand or iratkozandhat (or iratkozhatandik or iratkozandhatik*) |
iratkozhatandunk or iratkozandhatunk |
iratkozhatandotok or iratkozandhattok |
iratkozhatandanak or iratkozandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | iratkozhatnék (or iratkozhatnám) |
iratkozhatnál | iratkozhatna (or iratkozhatnék*) |
iratkozhatnánk | iratkozhatnátok | iratkozhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. iratkozhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | iratkozhassak (or iratkozhassam) |
iratkozhass or iratkozhassál |
iratkozhasson (or iratkozhassék) |
iratkozhassunk | iratkozhassatok | iratkozhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. iratkozhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (iratkozhatni) | (iratkozhatnom) | (iratkozhatnod) | (iratkozhatnia) | (iratkozhatnunk) | (iratkozhatnotok) | (iratkozhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (iratkozhatva / iratkozhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ Post by Attila Mártonfi
- ^ Post by rumci
- ^ Post by Tamás Racskó
- ^ One possible interpretation of this advice.
- ^ e-nyelv beírat, beiratkozik: A beír, beírat szavak esetében a szótő az „ír” ige, míg az „iratkozik”, „beiratkozás” szavak már az „irat” főnévből származnak, ahol létrejött a tőhangváltás. – In the case of the words beír, beírat, the root is the verb ír (“to write”), while the words iratkozik (“enroll”) and beiratkozás (“enrollment”) already come from the noun irat, where the stem change occurred.
Categories:
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -atkozik
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -kozik
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ozik
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ozik/4 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian verbs taking -ra/-re
- Hungarian verbs taking -ba/-be
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Hungarian verbs normally used with a prefix