issir

French

Etymology

From Middle French issir, yssir, from Old French issir, eissir, from Latin exeō, exīre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.siʁ/

Verb

issir (defective)

1. (archaic) to leave, to go out
   • 1559, Ian de Tournes, Notabilia ſupra Cguidonem ſcipta‎^[1], page 539:

     Pourtant le flux de ſang eſt plus difficilement reſtraint quand il iſt de l’artere, que n’est quand il iſt de la veine: veu que le ſang de ladite artere eſt plus subtil, comme ha eſté dit deuant, pour ceſte raison il eſt plus facile à fluir […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1634, George Chastellain, Histoire du bon chevalier Messire Iacques de Lalain‎^[2], page 296:

     Or nous conuiẽt dire pourquoy, ne à quelle cauſe ceſte courſe fut faicte deuant la ville de Gand à ce jour,& à quelle intention elle ſe faiſoit. Verité eſt qu’on auoit dict, & rapporté au Duc, que s’il enuoyoit courre deuant Gand, que les Gantois iſſiroient hors de leur ville, & combattroient, & liureroient bataille, & à fin d’auoir la bataille, auoit le Duc enuoyé ſon nepueu le Duc de Cleues, ainſi accompaigné, (comme vous aues ouy deuant la ville) penſant qu’iceux Gantois deuſſent iſſir pour combattre, & au cas qu’ils iſſiſſent, que le Duc de Cleues, & toute ſa puiſſance reculaſſent tout bellement; […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1945, Blaise Cendrars, L’Homme foudroyé, page 381:

     Si du lotissement initial les voix populaires avaient fait en très peu de temps un fief électoral des plus importants de la banlieue parisienne (un bloc de 25 000 voix !), du jeu de golf devait issir d’abord un bulletin mensuel réservé aux membres du club, puis un hebdomadaire d’initiative et de défense des intérêts de toute la banlieue, enfin un grand quotidien parisien, bien pensant, démagogique et mondain, où, épaulé par quelques solides commanditaires, tous membres du club de golf et intéressés à la carrière politique de leur président qui portait un si grand nom de France, le mari de Paquita se livrait tous les dimanches à des élucubrations qui faisaient pouffer Paquita de rire et d’indignation.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

This verb is defective and has lost many of its forms. The forms shown below are those with at least one attestation since 1550.

Conjugation of issir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	issir
	compound	être + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	issant
	compound	étant + past participle
past participle		issu
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	ist	issons	issez	issent
	imperfect	—	issais	issait	—	—	issaient
	past historic2	issis	—	issit	issîmes	issîtes	issirent
	future	—	—	—	—	—	issiront or istront
	conditional	—	—	—	issions	—	—
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of être + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of être + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of être + past participle
	future perfect	future of être + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of être + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	isse	issions	—	—
	imperfect2	—	—	—	issît	—	ississent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of être + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	—	—	—	issez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of être + past participle	—	simple imperative of être + past participle	simple imperative of être + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• issu
• issue
• issant

References

• “issir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle French

Alternative forms

• eissir, yssir

Etymology

From Old French issir, eissir, from Latin exeō, exīre.

Verb

issir

1. to leave, to go out

Descendants

• French: issir (archaic), issu (past participle, still commonly used)
• → Irish: eisigh

Old French

Alternative forms

• eissir, eiser

Etymology

Inherited from Latin exīre, present active infinitive of exeō.

Verb

issir

1. to leave, to go out
2. to get out; to escape
   • c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

     "Comant? Cuidiez an vos issir?["]

     "How? Do you think you can get out?"

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has a stressed present stem iss distinct from the unstressed stem eiss, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of issir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		issir			avoir eissu, issu
gerund		en eissant, issant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		eissant, issant
past participle		eissu, issu
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	is	is	ist	eissons, issons	eissiez, issiez	issent
	imperfect	eissoie, eisseie, issoie, isseie	eissoies, eisseies, issoies, isseies	eissoit, eisseit, issoit, isseit	eissiiens, eissiens, issiiens, issiens	eissiiez, eissiez, issiiez, issiez	eissoient, eisseient, issoient, isseient
	preterite	eissi, issi	eissis, issis	eissi, issi	eissimes, issimes	eissistes, issistes	eissirent, issirent
	future	eistrai, istrai	eistras, istras	eistra, istra	eistrons, istrons	eistroiz, eistreiz, eistrez, istroiz, istreiz, istrez	eistront, istront
	conditional	eistroie, eistreie, istroie, istreie	eistroies, eistreies, istroies, istreies	eistroit, eistreit, istroit, istreit	eistriiens, eistriens, istriiens, istriens	eistriiez, eistriez, istriiez, istriez	eistroient, eistreient, istroient, istreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	isse	isses	isse	eissiens, eissons, issiens, issons	eissiez, issiez	issent
	imperfect	eississe, ississe	eississes, ississes	eissist, issist	eississons, eississiens, ississons, ississiens	eississoiz, eississez, eississiez, ississoiz, ississez, ississiez	eississent, ississent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	is	—	eissons, issons	eissiez, issiez	—

Derived terms

• issu
• issue

Descendants

• Bourguignon: eisser (1st group verb made out of eiss- forms of issir)
• Middle French: issir, eissir, yssir; issu
  • French: issir (archaic), issu (past participle, still commonly used)
  • → Irish: eisigh
• Lorrain: euchî, euhhî
• Norman: essir, issir
• → Middle English: issen, isse, isshen, uschen, yssen
  • Middle Scots: isch, usch
    • Scots: ish, ush
    • → English: ish (Scotland)