lầm than
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Vietnamese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
lầm (“mud (obsolete)”) + than (“coal”), calque of Chinese 塗炭/涂炭 (đồ thán).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ləm˨˩ tʰaːn˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ləm˦˩ tʰaːŋ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ləm˨˩ tʰaːŋ˧˧]
Adjective[edit]
- miserable, wretched
- 1944, “Tiến quân ca”, Văn Cao (lyrics), Văn Cao (music):
- Đoàn quân Việt Nam đi, sao vàng phấp phới
Dắt giống nòi quê hương qua nơi lầm than- Soldiers of Vietnam, marching onward
The golden star fluttering.
Leading the people of our native land,
out of misery and suffering.
- Soldiers of Vietnam, marching onward