mšꜥ

Egyptian

Wooden figures found in the tomb of Mesehti: of the 11th Dynasty

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛʃɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: mesha

Noun

 m

1. army
2. footsoldiers
3. workgang

Inflection

Declension of mšꜥ (masculine)

singular	mšꜥ
dual	mšꜥwj
plural	mšꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ  

mšꜥ

Derived terms

• jmj-r mšꜥ (“general, boss of a workgang”)
• jmj-r mšꜥ wr (“field marshal”)
• jdnw n mšꜥ (“colonel”)
• ꜥnḫ n mšꜥ (“infantryman”)
• mšꜥ qt (“scapula”)

 

Descendants

• Demotic: mšꜥ
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲏϣ (mēš)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲓ (mēēši)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ (mēēše)

Noun

 m

1. campaign, military expedition

Inflection

Declension of mšꜥ (masculine)

singular	mšꜥ
dual	mšꜥwj
plural	mšꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ  

mšꜥ	mšꜥ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕaj/ → /ˈmaʃʕaj/ → /ˈmaʕʃə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕaj/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕaj/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʕʃə/ (infinitive), with metathesis

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛʃɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: mesha

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to march
2. (intransitive) to campaign

Inflection

Conjugation of mšꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: mšꜥ, geminated stem: mšꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
mšꜥ	mšꜥw, mšꜥ	mšꜥt	mšꜥ	mšꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
mšꜥ	ḥr mšꜥ	m mšꜥ	r mšꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	mšꜥ.n	consecutive	mšꜥ.jn
terminative	mšꜥt
perfective3	mšꜥ	obligative1	mšꜥ.ḫr
imperfective	mšꜥ
prospective3	mšꜥ	potentialis1	mšꜥ.kꜣ
subjunctive	mšꜥ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	mšꜥ.n	—	—
perfective	mšꜥ	mšꜥ	mšꜥ, mšꜥw5, mšꜥy5
imperfective	mšꜥ, mšꜥy, mšꜥw5	mšꜥ, mšꜥj6, mšꜥy6	mšꜥ, mšꜥw5
prospective	mšꜥ, mšꜥtj7	mšꜥtj4, mšꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ  

mšꜥ	mšꜥ	mšꜥ

Descendants

• Demotic: mšꜥ
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϣⲓ (moši)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mooše)

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 97