mọi
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi).
Determiner
mọi
Usage notes
Mỗi (SV) and mọi (non-SV) are doublets from the same Chinese etymon, but their meanings differ: mỗi emphasises individuality (“each”), while mọi emphasises collectivity (“every”).
Derived terms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) (secondary borrowing from a Muong lect?); cognate with Muong mõl (“human being”).
Further origin uncertain:
- Schuessler (2007: 391,392) proposes that Vietic *mɔːlʔ is cognate to Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "mkh-okm" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF. (⇒ Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool)), Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), Semelai rəmɔːl (“male”) as well as Vietic *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”); according to Schuessler, both "male" and "digging stick" derived from a stem represented in Khmu [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”), [script needed] (cmɔ:l, “to plant (rice) with digging stick”), and Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "mkh-okm" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF.[1] (⇒ Khmer ចូល (coul)).
- However, Ferlus did not deem Vietnamese mọi and Muong mõl to be derivatives of *čaar; instead, he relates them to Khmu [script needed] (hmmaːl, “soul”) (Ferlus: 55);
- If so, Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) would be a derivative of Proto-Mon-Khmer *smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal (“shadow, soul”) (Shorto, 2006: #1779); nevertheless, Shorto did not count Vietic items among reflexes of this root[3].