manusia

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay manusia, from Old Malay [script needed] (manuṣyà), from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà, “human being”). Cognate with Latin manus (“hand”), English man and Manu.

• Displaced native tawuh, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau (“human being”); whence Tagalog and Cebuano tawo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ma.nuˈsi.a̯]

  • Audio (Standard Indonesian):

    (file)

• (colloquial, nonstandard) IPA^(key): [maˈnuʃa̯], [maˈnuʃʲa̯]
• Hyphenation: ma‧nu‧sia

Noun

manusia (plural manusia-manusia)

1. a human

   Synonyms: insan, orang

2. (fantasy, mythology, only in compounds) were- (indicates a person who changes shape into an animal)

   Synonym: siluman

   manusia serigala ― werewolf

   manusia harimau ― weretiger

Derived terms

• kemanusiaan
• manusiawi
• memanusiakan
• pemanusiaan

Further reading

• “manusia”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *mon-

Proto-Indo-European *mon-us-i-yōs

Proto-Indo-Iranian *manušíyas

Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣya)bor.

Malay manusia

Inherited from Old Malay [script needed] (manuṣyà), from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣya, “human being”). Displaced native tawuh, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau (“human being”); whence Tagalog and Cebuano tawo.

Pronunciation

• (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /ma(ʔ)ˈnusjə/ [ma(ʔ)ˈnu.sjə]

  • Audio (Malaysia, Johor-Selangor):

    (file)

  • Audio (Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ə
• (/a/-variety) IPA^(key): /ma(ʔ)ˈnusja/ [mɐ(ʔ)ˈnu.sjä] ~ [mɐ(ʔ)ˈnu.sjɐ]
  • Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: ma‧nu‧sia

Noun

manusia (Jawi spelling ماءنسي, plural manusia-manusia or manusia²)

1. human; human being; person; people; man (mankind).

   Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata.

   All human beings are born free and equal.

   Melakukan kesilapan adalah sifat manusia.

   To err is human.

Coordinate terms

• orang

Descendants

• > Indonesian: manusia (inherited)
• → Maranao: manosiya
• → Tausug: mānusiya'/manusiya'
• → Tagalog: manusya

Further reading

• "manusia" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017