nꜥj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɑːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: nai

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to travel by boat, to sail
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 172–173:

     nꜥt pw jr.n.n m ḫd r ẖnw n(j) jtj

     What we did was to sail north to the home of the sovereign.

Inflection

Conjugation of nꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: nꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
nꜥt, nꜥj	nꜥw, nꜥ	nꜥt, nꜥwt, nꜥyt	nꜥ	nꜥ, nꜥy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
nꜥ8	ḥr nꜥt, ḥr nꜥj	m nꜥt, m nꜥj	r nꜥt, r nꜥj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	nꜥ.n	nꜥw, nꜥ, nꜥy	consecutive	nꜥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	nꜥt, nꜥyt
perfective3	nꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	nꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	nꜥ, nꜥy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	nꜥw, nꜥ, nꜥy	nꜥw, nꜥ, nꜥy	potentialis1	nꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	nꜥ, nꜥy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	nꜥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	nꜥw1, nꜥy, nꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	nꜥ	nꜥy, nꜥ
imperfective	nꜥ, nꜥy, nꜥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	nꜥ, nꜥj6, nꜥy6	nꜥ, nꜥw5
prospective	nꜥw1, nꜥy, nꜥ, nꜥtj7	—	nꜥwtj1 4, nꜥtj4, nꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 165, 215.