penus

See also: penuș and pênûs

Esperanto

Verb

penus

1. conditional of peni

Latin

Alternative forms

• penu, penum

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *penos, from Proto-Indo-European *pén-os (“food”), from *pen-. Compare penes, Lithuanian penė́ti (“to feed”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.nus/, [ˈpɛnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.nus/, [ˈpɛːnus]

Noun

penus m or f (variously declined, genitive penī or penūs); second declension, fourth declension
penus n (genitive penoris); third declension

1. Provisions, food
2. The innermost part of a temple of Vesta, the sanctuary

Declension

Second-declension noun or fourth-declension noun. Case Singular Plural Nominative penus penī penūs Genitive penī penūs penōrum penuum Dative penō penuī penīs penibus Accusative penum penōs penūs Ablative penō penū penīs penibus Vocative pene penus penī penūs

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem). Case Singular Plural Nominative penus penora Genitive penoris penorum Dative penorī penoribus Accusative penus penora Ablative penore penoribus Vocative penus penora

Derived terms

• Penātes

Related terms

• penes

Further reading

• “penus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “penus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• penus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• penus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Old French

Etymology

peine +‎ -us

Adjective

penus m (oblique and nominative feminine singular penuse)

1. painful
   • c. 1150, Unknown author, La Chanson de Roland:

     « Deus, » dist li reis, « si penuse est ma vie ! »

     "God!" said the king, "so painful is my life!"

Volapük

Noun

penus

1. predicative plural of pen