perjantai

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from North Germanic, probably Old Swedish frē(i)adagher, frīadagher; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag.

Details

Since Finnish historically lacks f and initial consonant clusters (such as fr), the word was adapted to fit the language's phonological rules, with f- becoming p- and an insertion of an epenthetic vowel pr- > per- to prevent an initial consonant cluster followed by haplology or dropping of the unstressed vowel pere- > per-, or alternatively a metathesis pre- > per-. For the -antai ending, compare maanantai (“Monday”) and sunnuntai (“Sunday”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈperjɑntɑi̯/, [ˈpe̞rjɑ̝n̪t̪ɑ̝i̯]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -erjɑntɑi
• Syllabification^(key): per‧jan‧tai
• Hyphenation^(key): per‧jan‧tai

Noun

day of the week

pe	Previous:	torstai
	Next:	lauantai

perjantai

1. Friday (day of the week; the fifth day of the week in Finland and in the ISO 8601 standard)

   perjantaina perheelle annettiin (from an old rhyme) ― on Friday, (it) was given to the family [referring to the soup made on keskiviikko (“Wednesday”) earlier in the rhyme]

Usage notes

As with all days of the week in Finnish, the essive case (perjantaina) is usually used when talking about what will happen or happened on a Friday.

Declension

Inflection of perjantai (Kotus type 18/maa, no gradation)
nominative		perjantai	perjantait
genitive		perjantain	perjantaiden perjantaitten
partitive		perjantaita	perjantaita
illative		perjantaihin	perjantaihin
		singular	plural
nominative		perjantai	perjantait
accusative	nom.	perjantai	perjantait
	gen.	perjantain
genitive		perjantain	perjantaiden perjantaitten
partitive		perjantaita	perjantaita
inessive		perjantaissa	perjantaissa
elative		perjantaista	perjantaista
illative		perjantaihin	perjantaihin
adessive		perjantailla	perjantailla
ablative		perjantailta	perjantailta
allative		perjantaille	perjantaille
essive		perjantaina	perjantaina
translative		perjantaiksi	perjantaiksi
abessive		perjantaitta	perjantaitta
instructive		—	perjantain
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of perjantai (Kotus type 18/maa, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative perjantaini perjantaini accusative nom. perjantaini perjantaini gen. perjantaini genitive perjantaini perjantaideni perjantaitteni partitive perjantaitani perjantaitani inessive perjantaissani perjantaissani elative perjantaistani perjantaistani illative perjantaihini perjantaihini adessive perjantaillani perjantaillani ablative perjantailtani perjantailtani allative perjantailleni perjantailleni essive perjantainani perjantainani translative perjantaikseni perjantaikseni abessive perjantaittani perjantaittani instructive — — comitative — perjantaineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative perjantaisi perjantaisi accusative nom. perjantaisi perjantaisi gen. perjantaisi genitive perjantaisi perjantaidesi perjantaittesi partitive perjantaitasi perjantaitasi inessive perjantaissasi perjantaissasi elative perjantaistasi perjantaistasi illative perjantaihisi perjantaihisi adessive perjantaillasi perjantaillasi ablative perjantailtasi perjantailtasi allative perjantaillesi perjantaillesi essive perjantainasi perjantainasi translative perjantaiksesi perjantaiksesi abessive perjantaittasi perjantaittasi instructive — — comitative — perjantainesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative perjantaimme perjantaimme accusative nom. perjantaimme perjantaimme gen. perjantaimme genitive perjantaimme perjantaidemme perjantaittemme partitive perjantaitamme perjantaitamme inessive perjantaissamme perjantaissamme elative perjantaistamme perjantaistamme illative perjantaihimme perjantaihimme adessive perjantaillamme perjantaillamme ablative perjantailtamme perjantailtamme allative perjantaillemme perjantaillemme essive perjantainamme perjantainamme translative perjantaiksemme perjantaiksemme abessive perjantaittamme perjantaittamme instructive — — comitative — perjantainemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative perjantainne perjantainne accusative nom. perjantainne perjantainne gen. perjantainne genitive perjantainne perjantaidenne perjantaittenne partitive perjantaitanne perjantaitanne inessive perjantaissanne perjantaissanne elative perjantaistanne perjantaistanne illative perjantaihinne perjantaihinne adessive perjantaillanne perjantaillanne ablative perjantailtanne perjantailtanne allative perjantaillenne perjantaillenne essive perjantainanne perjantainanne translative perjantaiksenne perjantaiksenne abessive perjantaittanne perjantaittanne instructive — — comitative — perjantainenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative perjantainsa perjantainsa accusative nom. perjantainsa perjantainsa gen. perjantainsa genitive perjantainsa perjantaidensa perjantaittensa partitive perjantaitaan perjantaitansa perjantaitaan perjantaitansa inessive perjantaissaan perjantaissansa perjantaissaan perjantaissansa elative perjantaistaan perjantaistansa perjantaistaan perjantaistansa illative perjantaihinsa perjantaihinsa adessive perjantaillaan perjantaillansa perjantaillaan perjantaillansa ablative perjantailtaan perjantailtansa perjantailtaan perjantailtansa allative perjantailleen perjantaillensa perjantailleen perjantaillensa essive perjantainaan perjantainansa perjantainaan perjantainansa translative perjantaikseen perjantaiksensa perjantaikseen perjantaiksensa abessive perjantaittaan perjantaittansa perjantaittaan perjantaittansa instructive — — comitative — perjantaineen perjantainensa

Derived terms

• perjantainen
• perjantaisin

compounds

• lankaperjantai
• perjantaiaamu
• perjantaiaamupäivä
• perjantai-ilta
• perjantai-iltapäivä
• perjantaikappale
• perjantaipullo
• perjantaipäivä
• pitkäperjantai

See also

• (abbreviation) pe

• days of the week: viikonpäivä (appendix): maanantai · tiistai · keskiviikko · torstai · perjantai · lauantai · sunnuntai ^[edit]

Further reading

• “perjantai”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023