phawula

Xhosa

Verb

-phawula^?

1. (transitive) to mark

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Verb

-phawula^?

1. (intransitive) to comment
2. (transitive) to notice
3. (transitive) to brand, to mark

Inflection

Tone unknown
Infinitive	ukuphawula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuphawula	ukungaphawuli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	phawula	-phawule
Plural	phawulani	-phawuleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaphawula, ngiphawula	engiphawulayo, engiphawula	ngiphawula	angiphawuli	engingaphawuli	ngingaphawuli
2nd singular	uyaphawula, uphawula	ophawulayo, ophawula	uphawula	awuphawuli	ongaphawuli	ungaphawuli
1st plural	siyaphawula, siphawula	esiphawulayo, esiphawula	siphawula	asiphawuli	esingaphawuli	singaphawuli
2nd plural	niyaphawula, niphawula	eniphawulayo, eniphawula	niphawula	aniphawuli	eningaphawuli	ningaphawuli
Class 1	uyaphawula, uphawula	ophawulayo, ophawula	ephawula	akaphawuli	ongaphawuli	engaphawuli
Class 2	bayaphawula, baphawula	abaphawulayo, abaphawula	bephawula	abaphawuli	abangaphawuli	bengaphawuli
Class 3	uyaphawula, uphawula	ophawulayo, ophawula	uphawula	awuphawuli	ongaphawuli	ungaphawuli
Class 4	iyaphawula, iphawula	ephawulayo, ephawula	iphawula	ayiphawuli	engaphawuli	ingaphawuli
Class 5	liyaphawula, liphawula	eliphawulayo, eliphawula	liphawula	aliphawuli	elingaphawuli	lingaphawuli
Class 6	ayaphawula, aphawula	aphawulayo, aphawula	ephawula	awaphawuli	angaphawuli	engaphawuli
Class 7	siyaphawula, siphawula	esiphawulayo, esiphawula	siphawula	asiphawuli	esingaphawuli	singaphawuli
Class 8	ziyaphawula, ziphawula	eziphawulayo, eziphawula	ziphawula	aziphawuli	ezingaphawuli	zingaphawuli
Class 9	iyaphawula, iphawula	ephawulayo, ephawula	iphawula	ayiphawuli	engaphawuli	ingaphawuli
Class 10	ziyaphawula, ziphawula	eziphawulayo, eziphawula	ziphawula	aziphawuli	ezingaphawuli	zingaphawuli
Class 11	luyaphawula, luphawula	oluphawulayo, oluphawula	luphawula	aluphawuli	olungaphawuli	lungaphawuli
Class 14	buyaphawula, buphawula	obuphawulayo, obuphawula	buphawula	abuphawuli	obungaphawuli	bungaphawuli
Class 15	kuyaphawula, kuphawula	okuphawulayo, okuphawula	kuphawula	akuphawuli	okungaphawuli	kungaphawuli
Class 17	kuyaphawula, kuphawula	okuphawulayo, okuphawula	kuphawula	akuphawuli	okungaphawuli	kungaphawuli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiphawulile, ngiphawulē	engiphawulile, engiphawulē	ngiphawulile, ngiphawulē	angiphawulanga	engingaphawulanga	ngingaphawulanga
2nd singular	uphawulile, uphawulē	ophawulile, ophawulē	uphawulile, uphawulē	awuphawulanga	ongaphawulanga	ungaphawulanga
1st plural	siphawulile, siphawulē	esiphawulile, esiphawulē	siphawulile, siphawulē	asiphawulanga	esingaphawulanga	singaphawulanga
2nd plural	niphawulile, niphawulē	eniphawulile, eniphawulē	niphawulile, niphawulē	aniphawulanga	eningaphawulanga	ningaphawulanga
Class 1	uphawulile, uphawulē	ophawulile, ophawulē	ephawulile, ephawulē	akaphawulanga	ongaphawulanga	engaphawulanga
Class 2	baphawulile, baphawulē	abaphawulile, abaphawulē	bephawulile, bephawulē	abaphawulanga	abangaphawulanga	bengaphawulanga
Class 3	uphawulile, uphawulē	ophawulile, ophawulē	uphawulile, uphawulē	awuphawulanga	ongaphawulanga	ungaphawulanga
Class 4	iphawulile, iphawulē	ephawulile, ephawulē	iphawulile, iphawulē	ayiphawulanga	engaphawulanga	ingaphawulanga
Class 5	liphawulile, liphawulē	eliphawulile, eliphawulē	liphawulile, liphawulē	aliphawulanga	elingaphawulanga	lingaphawulanga
Class 6	aphawulile, aphawulē	aphawulile, aphawulē	ephawulile, ephawulē	awaphawulanga	angaphawulanga	engaphawulanga
Class 7	siphawulile, siphawulē	esiphawulile, esiphawulē	siphawulile, siphawulē	asiphawulanga	esingaphawulanga	singaphawulanga
Class 8	ziphawulile, ziphawulē	eziphawulile, eziphawulē	ziphawulile, ziphawulē	aziphawulanga	ezingaphawulanga	zingaphawulanga
Class 9	iphawulile, iphawulē	ephawulile, ephawulē	iphawulile, iphawulē	ayiphawulanga	engaphawulanga	ingaphawulanga
Class 10	ziphawulile, ziphawulē	eziphawulile, eziphawulē	ziphawulile, ziphawulē	aziphawulanga	ezingaphawulanga	zingaphawulanga
Class 11	luphawulile, luphawulē	oluphawulile, oluphawulē	luphawulile, luphawulē	aluphawulanga	olungaphawulanga	lungaphawulanga
Class 14	buphawulile, buphawulē	obuphawulile, obuphawulē	buphawulile, buphawulē	abuphawulanga	obungaphawulanga	bungaphawulanga
Class 15	kuphawulile, kuphawulē	okuphawulile, okuphawulē	kuphawulile, kuphawulē	akuphawulanga	okungaphawulanga	kungaphawulanga
Class 17	kuphawulile, kuphawulē	okuphawulile, okuphawulē	kuphawulile, kuphawulē	akuphawulanga	okungaphawulanga	kungaphawulanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāphawula	engāphawula	ngāphawula	angiphawulanga	engingaphawulanga	ngingaphawulanga
2nd singular	wāphawula	owāphawula	wāphawula	awuphawulanga	ongaphawulanga	ungaphawulanga
1st plural	sāphawula	esāphawula	sāphawula	asiphawulanga	esingaphawulanga	singaphawulanga
2nd plural	nāphawula	enāphawula	nāphawula	aniphawulanga	eningaphawulanga	ningaphawulanga
Class 1	wāphawula	owāphawula	āphawula	akaphawulanga	ongaphawulanga	engaphawulanga
Class 2	bāphawula	abāphawula	bāphawula	abaphawulanga	abangaphawulanga	bengaphawulanga
Class 3	wāphawula	owāphawula	wāphawula	awuphawulanga	ongaphawulanga	ungaphawulanga
Class 4	yāphawula	eyāphawula	yāphawula	ayiphawulanga	engaphawulanga	ingaphawulanga
Class 5	lāphawula	elāphawula	lāphawula	aliphawulanga	elingaphawulanga	lingaphawulanga
Class 6	āphawula	āphawula	āphawula	awaphawulanga	angaphawulanga	engaphawulanga
Class 7	sāphawula	esāphawula	sāphawula	asiphawulanga	esingaphawulanga	singaphawulanga
Class 8	zāphawula	ezāphawula	zāphawula	aziphawulanga	ezingaphawulanga	zingaphawulanga
Class 9	yāphawula	eyāphawula	yāphawula	ayiphawulanga	engaphawulanga	ingaphawulanga
Class 10	zāphawula	ezāphawula	zāphawula	aziphawulanga	ezingaphawulanga	zingaphawulanga
Class 11	lwāphawula	olwāphawula	lwāphawula	aluphawulanga	olungaphawulanga	lungaphawulanga
Class 14	bāphawula	obāphawula	bāphawula	abuphawulanga	obungaphawulanga	bungaphawulanga
Class 15	kwāphawula	okwāphawula	kwāphawula	akuphawulanga	okungaphawulanga	kungaphawulanga
Class 17	kwāphawula	okwāphawula	kwāphawula	akuphawulanga	okungaphawulanga	kungaphawulanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaphawula	—	ngingaphawula	ngingephawule	—	ngingephawule
2nd singular	ungaphawula	—	ungaphawula	ungephawule	—	ungephawule
1st plural	singaphawula	—	singaphawula	singephawule	—	singephawule
2nd plural	ningaphawula	—	ningaphawula	ningephawule	—	ningephawule
Class 1	angaphawula	—	engaphawula	angephawule	—	engephawule
Class 2	bangaphawula	—	bengaphawula	bangephawule	—	bengephawule
Class 3	ungaphawula	—	ungaphawula	ungephawule	—	ungephawule
Class 4	ingaphawula	—	ingaphawula	ingephawule	—	ingephawule
Class 5	lingaphawula	—	lingaphawula	lingephawule	—	lingephawule
Class 6	angaphawula	—	engaphawula	angephawule	—	engephawule
Class 7	singaphawula	—	singaphawula	singephawule	—	singephawule
Class 8	zingaphawula	—	zingaphawula	zingephawule	—	zingephawule
Class 9	ingaphawula	—	ingaphawula	ingephawule	—	ingephawule
Class 10	zingaphawula	—	zingaphawula	zingephawule	—	zingephawule
Class 11	lungaphawula	—	lungaphawula	lungephawule	—	lungephawule
Class 14	bungaphawula	—	bungaphawula	bungephawule	—	bungephawule
Class 15	kungaphawula	—	kungaphawula	kungephawule	—	kungephawule
Class 17	kungaphawula	—	kungaphawula	kungephawule	—	kungephawule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizophawula	engizophawula	ngizophawula	angizuphawula	engingezuphawula	ngingezuphawula
2nd singular	uzophawula	ozophawula	uzophawula	awuzuphawula	ongezuphawula	ungezuphawula
1st plural	sizophawula	esizophawula	sizophawula	asizuphawula	esingezuphawula	singezuphawula
2nd plural	nizophawula	enizophawula	nizophawula	anizuphawula	eningezuphawula	ningezuphawula
Class 1	uzophawula	ozophawula	ezophawula	akazuphawula	ongezuphawula	engezuphawula
Class 2	bazophawula	abazophawula	bezophawula	abazuphawula	abangezuphawula	bengezuphawula
Class 3	uzophawula	ozophawula	uzophawula	awuzuphawula	ongezuphawula	ungezuphawula
Class 4	izophawula	ezophawula	izophawula	ayizuphawula	engezuphawula	ingezuphawula
Class 5	lizophawula	elizophawula	lizophawula	alizuphawula	elingezuphawula	lingezuphawula
Class 6	azophawula	azophawula	ezophawula	awazuphawula	angezuphawula	engezuphawula
Class 7	sizophawula	esizophawula	sizophawula	asizuphawula	esingezuphawula	singezuphawula
Class 8	zizophawula	ezizophawula	zizophawula	azizuphawula	ezingezuphawula	zingezuphawula
Class 9	izophawula	ezophawula	izophawula	ayizuphawula	engezuphawula	ingezuphawula
Class 10	zizophawula	ezizophawula	zizophawula	azizuphawula	ezingezuphawula	zingezuphawula
Class 11	luzophawula	oluzophawula	luzophawula	aluzuphawula	olungezuphawula	lungezuphawula
Class 14	buzophawula	obuzophawula	buzophawula	abuzuphawula	obungezuphawula	bungezuphawula
Class 15	kuzophawula	okuzophawula	kuzophawula	akuzuphawula	okungezuphawula	kungezuphawula
Class 17	kuzophawula	okuzophawula	kuzophawula	akuzuphawula	okungezuphawula	kungezuphawula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyophawula	engiyophawula	ngiyophawula	angiyuphawula	engingeyuphawula	ngingeyuphawula
2nd singular	uyophawula	oyophawula	uyophawula	awuyuphawula	ongeyuphawula	ungeyuphawula
1st plural	siyophawula	esiyophawula	siyophawula	asiyuphawula	esingeyuphawula	singeyuphawula
2nd plural	niyophawula	eniyophawula	niyophawula	aniyuphawula	eningeyuphawula	ningeyuphawula
Class 1	uyophawula	oyophawula	eyophawula	akayuphawula	ongeyuphawula	engeyuphawula
Class 2	bayophawula	abayophawula	beyophawula	abayuphawula	abangeyuphawula	bengeyuphawula
Class 3	uyophawula	oyophawula	uyophawula	awuyuphawula	ongeyuphawula	ungeyuphawula
Class 4	iyophawula	eyophawula	iyophawula	ayiyuphawula	engeyuphawula	ingeyuphawula
Class 5	liyophawula	eliyophawula	liyophawula	aliyuphawula	elingeyuphawula	lingeyuphawula
Class 6	ayophawula	ayophawula	eyophawula	awayuphawula	angeyuphawula	engeyuphawula
Class 7	siyophawula	esiyophawula	siyophawula	asiyuphawula	esingeyuphawula	singeyuphawula
Class 8	ziyophawula	eziyophawula	ziyophawula	aziyuphawula	ezingeyuphawula	zingeyuphawula
Class 9	iyophawula	eyophawula	iyophawula	ayiyuphawula	engeyuphawula	ingeyuphawula
Class 10	ziyophawula	eziyophawula	ziyophawula	aziyuphawula	ezingeyuphawula	zingeyuphawula
Class 11	luyophawula	oluyophawula	luyophawula	aluyuphawula	olungeyuphawula	lungeyuphawula
Class 14	buyophawula	obuyophawula	buyophawula	abuyuphawula	obungeyuphawula	bungeyuphawula
Class 15	kuyophawula	okuyophawula	kuyophawula	akuyuphawula	okungeyuphawula	kungeyuphawula
Class 17	kuyophawula	okuyophawula	kuyophawula	akuyuphawula	okungeyuphawula	kungeyuphawula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiphawule	ngingaphawuli
2nd singular	uphawule	ungaphawuli
1st plural	siphawule	singaphawuli
2nd plural	niphawule	ningaphawuli
Class 1	aphawule	angaphawuli
Class 2	baphawule	bangaphawuli
Class 3	uphawule	ungaphawuli
Class 4	iphawule	ingaphawuli
Class 5	liphawule	lingaphawuli
Class 6	aphawule	angaphawuli
Class 7	siphawule	singaphawuli
Class 8	ziphawule	zingaphawuli
Class 9	iphawule	ingaphawuli
Class 10	ziphawule	zingaphawuli
Class 11	luphawule	lungaphawuli
Class 14	buphawule	bungaphawuli
Class 15	kuphawule	kungaphawuli
Class 17	kuphawule	kungaphawuli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaphawula	ngangaphawula, angaphawula, angangaphawula
2nd singular	waphawula	wangaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula
1st plural	saphawula	sangaphawula, asaphawula, asangaphawula
2nd plural	naphawula	nangaphawula, anaphawula, anangaphawula
Class 1	waphawula	wangaphawula, akaphawula, akangaphawula
Class 2	baphawula	bangaphawula, abaphawula, abangaphawula
Class 3	waphawula	wangaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula
Class 4	yaphawula	yangaphawula, ayaphawula, ayangaphawula
Class 5	laphawula	langaphawula, alaphawula, alangaphawula
Class 6	aphawula	angaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula
Class 7	saphawula	sangaphawula, asaphawula, asangaphawula
Class 8	zaphawula	zangaphawula, azaphawula, azangaphawula
Class 9	yaphawula	yangaphawula, ayaphawula, ayangaphawula
Class 10	zaphawula	zangaphawula, azaphawula, azangaphawula
Class 11	lwaphawula	lwangaphawula, alwaphawula, alwangaphawula
Class 14	baphawula	bangaphawula, abaphawula, abangaphawula
Class 15	kwaphawula	kwangaphawula, akwaphawula, akwangaphawula
Class 17	kwaphawula	kwangaphawula, akwaphawula, akwangaphawula

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phawula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phawula (3.2.9)”