pickaninny

English

Alternative forms

• piccaninny, picaninny, picinniny, pikinini
• piccanin (South Africa, Australia)
• pickny (chiefly Caribbean)

Etymology

Probably from a Portuguese pidgin, from Portuguese pequenino (“boy, child”), noun use of pequenino (“tiny”), from pequeno (“small”). In South African uses probably partly after Afrikaans pikenien.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɪkənɪni/

Noun

pickaninny (plural pickaninnies)

1. (colloquial, now offensive, ethnic slur) A black child. [from 17th c.]
   • 1952, Doris Lessing, Martha Quest, Panther 1974, p. 134:

     A small white donkey glimmered into sight, and behind it a milk cart, rattling its cans, and behind that ran a small and ragged piccaninny, a child of perhaps seven years, whose teeth were rattling so loudly they sounded like falling pebbles even across the width of the garden.

   • 1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage 2000, p. 57:

     And then one boy came back into the water to help me, a Black piccanin, I believe his name was Mpilo […] .

   • 2011, Robin Bernstein, Racial Innocence: Performing American Childhood from Slavery to Civil Rights, NYU Press (→ISBN), page 34:

     The pickaninny was an imagined, subhuman black juvenile who was typically depicted outdoors, merrily accepting (or even inviting) violence. The word (alternatively spelled “picaninny” or “piccaninny”) dates to the seventeenth century, […]

Derived terms

• pickney

Descendants

• Bislama: pikinini
• Australian Kriol: biginini
• Pijin: pikinini
• Torres Strait Creole: biginini, piknini
• Tok Pisin: pikinini

Translations

black child — see also black child

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 黑人小孩 (hēirén xiǎohái) (neutral)

• Danish: negerbarn n, negerdreng (male), niggerdreng (male, strongly derogatory)
• Finnish: musta lapsi
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• French: négrillon (fr) m
• Irish: draoidín linbh m, linbhín dubh m
• Russian: чёрный (ru) (čórnyj), ребёнок (ru) m (rebjónok)

Adjective

pickaninny (not comparable)

1. (now rare) Little, small. [from 18th c.]
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:pickaninny.

References

• Ernest Giles, Australia Twice Traversed (1889) (confirms that the adjective meaning "little" is used in Australia)