proletariat
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From French prolétariat (“proletariats as a class; state of being a proletariat”), from Latin prōlētārius (“belonging to the lowest class of citizens, whose only contribution to the state was their offspring; member of this class”) + French -at (suffix denoting actions or the results of actions).[1] Prōlētārius is derived from prōlēs (“offspring, posterity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, or forming nouns denoting agents of use from other nouns); prōlēs is from pro- (prefix meaning ‘bringing forth or into being; bringing into the open’) + *olēs (a variant of *oleō (“to grow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”)).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/
- (General American) enPR: prō'lĭ-târʹē-ət, IPA(key): /ˌpɹoʊ.lɪˈtɛɚ.i.ət/
Audio (Canada): (file) - Hyphenation: pro‧le‧ta‧ri‧at
Noun
[edit]proletariat (plural proletariats)
- (often derogatory, also figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses.
- Synonym: proletary
- (Marxism) Wage earners collectively, excluding salaried workers; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie (“the capital-owning class”).
- Synonyms: proletarian, proletary, prole
- Antonym: bourgeoisie
- Coordinate term: salariat
- 1848 February, Karl Marx, Frederick Engels [i.e., Friedrich Engels], “Bourgeois and Proletarians”, in Samuel Moore, transl., Manifesto of the Communist Party. […], 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: National Executive Committee of the Socialist Labor Party, published 1898, →OCLC, page 27:
- Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie to-day, the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class. The other classes decay and finally disappear in the face of modern industry; the proletariat is its special and essential product.
- (chiefly Ancient Rome, historical) The lowest class of citizens, who had no property and few rights, and were regarded as contributing only their offspring to the state.
- Synonyms: proletarian, proletary
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- proles (rare)
- proletaire (archaic)
- proletairism (archaic)
- proletarian
- proletarianisation, proletarianization
- proletarianise, proletarianize
- proletarianism
- proletarianly
- proletarisation, proletarization
- proletarised, proletarized (adjective)
- proletarise, proletarize (rare)
- proletary (archaic)
- proletkult
- prolicidal
- prolicide
Translations
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References
[edit]- ^ “proletariat, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “proletariat, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
[edit]- proletariat on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian пролетариа́т (proletariát), from French prolétariat.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]proletariat (definite accusative proletariatı, plural proletariatlar)
Declension
[edit]Declension of proletariat | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | proletariat |
proletariatlar | ||||||
definite accusative | proletariatı |
proletariatları | ||||||
dative | proletariata |
proletariatlara | ||||||
locative | proletariatda |
proletariatlarda | ||||||
ablative | proletariatdan |
proletariatlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | proletariatın |
proletariatların |
Further reading
[edit]- “proletariat” in Obastan.com.
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Dutch proletariaat (“proletariat”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]prolêtariat (plural proletariat-proletariat, first-person possessive proletariatku, second-person possessive proletariatmu, third-person possessive proletariatnya)
Alternative forms
[edit]- ڤروليتاريات (prolétariat) (Standard Malay)
Further reading
[edit]- “proletariat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French prolétariat.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /prɔlɛˈtarjat/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -arjat
- Syllabification: pro‧le‧ta‧riat
- Homophone: Proletariat
Noun
[edit]proletariat m inan (related adjective proletariacki)
- (collective, Marxism) proletariat (working class or lower class)
- (Ancient Rome, collective, historical) proletariat (lowest class of citizens in Rome)
Declension
[edit]singular | |
---|---|
nominative | proletariat |
genitive | proletariatu |
dative | proletariatowi |
accusative | proletariat |
instrumental | proletariatem |
locative | proletariacie |
vocative | proletariacie |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- proletaryzować impf
- sproletaryzować pf
Further reading
[edit]- proletariat in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- proletariat in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- proletariat in PWN's encyclopedia
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French prolétariat.
Noun
[edit]proletariat n (uncountable)
Declension
[edit]singular | ||
---|---|---|
n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) proletariat | proletariatul |
genitive/dative | (unui) proletariat | proletariatului |
vocative | proletariatule |
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]proletariat n
Declension
[edit]Declension of proletariat | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | proletariat | proletariatet | — | — |
Genitive | proletariats | proletariatets | — | — |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 5-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English 6-syllable words
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English derogatory terms
- en:Marxism
- English terms with quotations
- en:Ancient Rome
- English terms with historical senses
- en:Collectives
- en:Leftism
- Azerbaijani terms borrowed from Russian
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Russian
- Azerbaijani terms derived from French
- Azerbaijani terms with audio pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- az:Marxism
- az:Collectives
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/at
- Rhymes:Indonesian/at/5 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish terms borrowed from French
- Polish terms derived from French
- Polish 4-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/arjat
- Rhymes:Polish/arjat/4 syllables
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish collective nouns
- pl:Marxism
- pl:Ancient Rome
- Polish terms with historical senses
- Polish singularia tantum
- pl:Collectives
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns