protract

English

Etymology

From the past participle stem of Latin prōtrahō. By surface analysis, pro- +‎ tract.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /pɹəˈtɹakt/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /pɹəˈtɹækt/

  • Audio (Texas, Austin):

    (file)

Verb

protract (third-person singular simple present protracts, present participle protracting, simple past and past participle protracted)

1. To draw out; to extend, especially in duration.
   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Doubtless he shrives this woman to her smock;
     Else ne'er could he so long protract his speech.

   • 1755, Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, London: J. and P. Knapton et al., Volume 1, Preface,^[1]

     I have protracted my work till most of those whom I wished to please, have sunk into the grave […]

   • 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter IV, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 102:

     I should wish now to protract this moment ad infinitum; but I dare not.

   • 1979, Angela Carter, “The Tiger’s Bride”, in Burning Your Boats: The Collected Short Stories‎^[2], New York: Henry Holt, published 1996, page 165:

     A bereft landscape of sad browns and sepias of winter lay all about us, the marshland drearily protracting itself towards the wide river.

   • 2010 Mar, Christopher Hitchens, “The Men Who Made England”, in The Atlantic:

     Still, from these extraordinary pages you can learn that it's very bad to be burned alive on a windy day, because the breeze will keep flicking the flames away from you and thus protract the process.

2. To use a protractor.
3. (surveying) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.
   • 1856, Richard Francis Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah‎^[3], London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, Volume 3, Chapter 25, page 147, footnote:

     This is a synopsis of our marches, which, protracted on Burckhardt’s map, gives an error of ten miles.

4. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer.

   to protract a decision or duty

   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     […] Let us bury him,
     And not protract with admiration what
     Is now due debt. To the grave!

   • 1736, Stephen Duck, “To Death”, in Poems on Several Occasions‎^[4], London: for the author, page 146:

     Then, since I’m sure to meet my Fate,
     How vain would Hope appear?
     Since Fear cannot protract the Date,
     How foolish ’twere to fear?

   • 1819, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter XIII, in Tales of My Landlord, Third Series. […], volume I (The Bride of Lammermoor), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:

     Both hoped to protract the discovery of what had happened—the mother, by interposing her bustling person betwixt Mr. Girder and the fire, and the daughter, by the extreme cordiality with which she received the minister and her husband […]

   • 1875, Anthony Trollope, chapter 64, in The Way We Live Now, London: Chapman and Hall, […]:

     Of course he was in danger of almost immediate detection and punishment. He hardly hoped that the evil day would be very much longer protracted, and yet he enjoyed his triumph.

5. To extend; to protrude.

   A cat can protract and retract its claws.

Synonyms

• (to draw out): prolong

Derived terms

• protracted
• protractedly
• protractedness
• protractile
• protraction
• protractive
• protractor

 

Related terms

• See tract and its related terms

Translations

To draw out; to extend, especially in duration.

• Bulgarian: удължавам (bg) (udǎlžavam)
• Dutch: verlengen (nl), aanhouden (nl), rekken (nl)
• Finnish: pitkittää
• French: prolonger (fr), tirer en longueur (fr)
• German: verlängern (de), sich ziehen, sich hinziehen, in die Länge ziehen, überziehen (de)
• Ido: tardigar (io)
• Italian: protrarre (it)
• Maori: autō, aukume, whakaupa
• Portuguese: prolongar (pt)
• Spanish: prolongar (es)

To use a protractor.

• Dutch: op schaal tekenen

To draw or delineate.

• Bulgarian: начертавам (bg) (načertavam)
• Dutch: schetsen (nl), afbakenen (nl)

to put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer

• Bulgarian: отлагам (bg) (otlagam), протакам (bg) (protakam)
• Danish: udskyde
• Dutch: uitstellen (nl)
• German: verschieben (de)
• Spanish: diferir (es)

to extend; to protrude

• German: ausfahren (de), verlängern (de)
• Spanish: extender (es)