rædan
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Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a merger of two verbs, which came to be pronounced the same in the present tense and the infinitive due to regular sound change:
- Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise”, strong verb)
- Proto-West Germanic *raidijan, from Proto-Germanic *raidijaną (“to make ready”, weak verb).
The past tense form reordon preserves the zero-grade reduplicated plural stem *re-rd-un.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]rǣdan
- to read
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
- Nis nā ġenōg þæt þū stafas sċēawiġe būtan þū hīe ēac rǣde and þæt andġiet understande.
- It is not enough that you look at letters unless you also read them and understand the meaning.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
- to advise
- to guess
- to interpret, explain
- swefn rǣdan ― to interpret a dream
- to decide
Usage notes
[edit]- The verb was originally strong class 7, but changed to weak class 1 in later Old English.
- The reduplicated past tense forms reord, reorde, reordon were almost completely absent in West Saxon, mostly appearing in Anglian texts. Nonetheless, it was still more common to see the weak class 1 conjugation than the strong class 7 conjugation in Anglian.
Conjugation
[edit]Strong class 7 conjugation:
Conjugation of rǣdan (strong class 7)
infinitive | rǣdan | rǣdenne |
---|---|---|
indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
first person singular | rǣde | rēd, reord |
second person singular | rǣtst | rēde, reorde |
third person singular | rǣtt, rǣt | rēd, reord |
plural | rǣdaþ | rēdon, reordon |
subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
singular | rǣde | rēde, reorde |
plural | rǣden | rēden, reorden |
imperative | ||
singular | rǣd | |
plural | rǣdaþ | |
participle | present | past |
rǣdende | (ġe)rǣden |
Weak class 1 conjugation:
Conjugation of rǣdan (weak class 1)
infinitive | rǣdan | rǣdenne |
---|---|---|
indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
first person singular | rǣde | rǣdde |
second person singular | rǣdest, rǣtst | rǣddest |
third person singular | rǣdeþ, rǣtt, rǣt | rǣdde |
plural | rǣdaþ | rǣddon |
subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
singular | rǣde | rǣdde |
plural | rǣden | rǣdden |
imperative | ||
singular | rǣd | |
plural | rǣdaþ | |
participle | present | past |
rǣdende | (ġe)rǣded |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Middle English: reden, readen, redden, riden, raden, ruden; redan, readan, ræden, rædon (Early Middle English)
References
[edit]Categories:
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English verbs
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English class 7 strong verbs
- Old English class 1 weak verbs