sꜥꜣj

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜥꜣj (“to be great”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛɑːʔɑi/
  • Conventional anglicization: seaai

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to enlarge
2. (transitive) to make great or important

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜥꜣj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sꜥꜣ, geminated stem: sꜥꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sꜥꜣt, sꜥꜣj	sꜥꜣw, sꜥꜣ	sꜥꜣt, sꜥꜣwt, sꜥꜣyt	sꜥꜣ	sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sꜥꜣ	ḥr sꜥꜣt, ḥr sꜥꜣj	m sꜥꜣt, m sꜥꜣj	r sꜥꜣt, r sꜥꜣj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sꜥꜣ.n	sꜥꜣw, sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy	consecutive	sꜥꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sꜥꜣt
perfective3	sꜥꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sꜥꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sꜥꜣw, sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy	sꜥꜣw, sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy	potentialis1	sꜥꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sꜥꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sꜥꜣw1, sꜥꜣy, sꜥꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥꜣ	sꜥꜣy, sꜥꜣ
imperfective	sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣy, sꜥꜣꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣj6, sꜥꜣꜣy6	sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣw5
prospective	sꜥꜣw1, sꜥꜣy, sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣtj7	—	sꜥꜣwtj1 4, sꜥꜣtj4, sꜥꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 189.