sempurna

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay sempurna, from Sanskrit सम्पूर्ण (sampūrṇa, “complete, entire, whole”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /səmˈpurna/ [səmˈpur.na]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -urna
• Syllabification: sem‧pur‧na

Adjective

sêmpurna (comparative lebih sempurna, superlative paling sempurna)

1. perfect; flawless
2. complete

Conjugation

Conjugation of sempurna (meng-, transitive)

root	sempurna
	active	passive		basic imperative	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
nominative	menyempurna				sempurnalah
accusative / dative / locative	menyempurnai	tersempurnai	disempurnai	sempurnai	sempurnailah
perfective causative / applicative2	menyempurnakan	tersempurnakan	disempurnakan	sempurnakan	sempurnakanlah
	causative
nominative	mempersempurna		dipersempurna		persempurnalah
accusative / dative / locative	mempersempurnai		dipersempurnai
perfective causative / applicative2	mempersempurnakan		dipersempurnakan	persempurnakan	persempurnakanlah

¹ There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• disempurnakan
• kesempurnaan
• ketidaksempurnaan
• penyempurna
• penyempurnaan

Further reading

• “sempurna”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit सम्पूर्ण (sampūrṇa) from पूर्ण (pūrṇá, “complete, entire, whole”). Compare with purnama (“full moon”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -a

Adjective

sempurna (Jawi spelling سمڤورنا, comparative lebih sempurna, superlative paling sempurna)

1. perfect; complete; full

   Synonyms: genap, lengkap, kamil, penuh

Derived terms

• kesempurnaan
• ketidaksempurnaan
• penyempurna
• penyempurnaan

References

• Edi Sedyawati; Ellya Iswati; Kusparyati Boedhijono; Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994), Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, pages 268-9
• Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “سمڤرن sĕmpoerna”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 32
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “سمڤرن sĕmporna or sĕmpurna”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 406
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “sĕmpurna”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 429