senescence

See also: sénescence

English

WOTD – 7 February 2012

Etymology

From Latin senēscere (“to grow old”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪˈnɛsəns/, /səˈnɛsəns/

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

Noun

senescence (usually uncountable, plural senescences)

1. (biology) The state or process of ageing, especially in humans; old age.

   Synonyms: oldhood, senectitude, vetustity; see also Thesaurus:old age

   • 1997, David Foster Wallace, “A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group:

     Organized shuffleboard has always filled me with dread. Everything about it suggests infirm senescence and death: it’s like it’s a game played on the skin of a void and the rasp of the sliding puck is the sound of that skin getting abraded away bit by bit.

   • 2012, Lydia Pyne, Stephen J. Pyne, chapter 6, in The Last Lost World, Penguin, →ISBN:

     Over the next 150 years the known age of the Earth expanded a millionfold and lost worlds of the past were found to have overflowed with species now gone. The chain stretched, aged, and eventually succumbed to senescence.

2. (cell biology) Ceasing to divide by mitosis because of shortening of telomeres or excessive DNA damage.
   • 2018, University of Edinburgh, "Liver Study Offers Insights into Hard-to-treat Diseases" (9 March 2018), Drug Discovery & Development.

     Tests in mice found that inducing senescence in bile duct cells - mimicking the process seen in human bile duct disease - led to liver scarring and damage of liver function.

3. (gerontology) Old age; accumulated damage to macromolecules, cells, tissues and organs with the passage of time.
4. (botany) Fruit senescence, leading to ripening of fruit.
5. (cytology, of a cell) Condition when the cell ceases to divide.

Related terms

• senescent
• senesce
• senility

Translations

biology: the state or process of aging

• Bulgarian: стареене n (stareene), остаряване n (ostarjavane)
• Dutch: verouderingsproces f
• Finnish: vanheneminen (fi)
• German: Alterungsprozess (de) m
• Greek: γήρας (el) n (gíras), γηρασμός (el) m (girasmós)
• Italian: senescenza (it) f
• Persian: پیری (fa) (piri)
• Polish: starzenie się n
• Portuguese: senescência (pt) f, senectude f
• Russian: старе́ние (ru) n (starénije)
• Spanish: senectud (es) f, senescencia (es) f
• Welsh: heneiddiad m

cell biology: ceasing to divide by mitosis

• Finnish: vanheneminen (fi)
• Greek: γηρασμός (el) m (girasmós)

gerontology: old age

• Bulgarian: старост (bg) f (starost)
• Finnish: vanhuus (fi)
• Greek: γήρας (el) n (gíras)
• Italian: senescenza (it) f
• Persian: پیری (fa) (piri)

botany: fruit senescence, leading to ripening of fruit

• Finnish: kypsyminen (fi)

See also

• biological immortality

Further reading

• senescence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• cellular senescence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia