sirat

Hungarian

Etymology

sír (“to weep, cry”) +‎ -at (causative suffix)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃirɒt]
• Hyphenation: si‧rat
• Rhymes: -ɒt

Verb

sirat

1. (transitive) to bewail, lament, mourn, grieve

Usage notes

Even though this verb has a causative suffix on the verb sír (“to weep, cry”), it doesn’t mean “to make someone cry”; instead, (meg)ríkat can be used in this sense.

Conjugation

Conjugation of sirat

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	siratok	siratsz	sirat	siratunk	sirattok	siratnak
			def.	siratom	siratod	siratja	siratjuk	siratjátok	siratják
			2nd obj	siratlak
		past	indef.	sirattam	sirattál	siratott	sirattunk	sirattatok	sirattak
			def.	sirattam	sirattad	siratta	sirattuk	sirattátok	siratták
			2nd obj	sirattalak
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. siratni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	siraték	siratál	sirata	siratánk	siratátok	siratának
		def.	siratám	siratád	siratá	siratánk	siratátok	siraták
		2nd obj	siratálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. sirat vala, siratott vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	siratandok	siratandasz	siratand	siratandunk	siratandotok	siratandanak
	def.	siratandom	siratandod	siratandja	siratandjuk	siratandjátok	siratandják
	2nd obj	siratandalak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	siratnék	siratnál	siratna	siratnánk	siratnátok	siratnának
		def.	siratnám	siratnád	siratná	siratnánk (or siratnók)	siratnátok	siratnák
		2nd obj	siratnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. siratott volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	sirassak	sirass or sirassál	sirasson	sirassunk	sirassatok	sirassanak
			def.	sirassam	sirasd or sirassad	sirassa	sirassuk	sirassátok	sirassák
			2nd obj	sirassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. siratott légyen
infinitive	siratni		siratnom	siratnod	siratnia	siratnunk	siratnotok	siratniuk
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	siratás		sirató	siratott	siratandó	siratva (siratván)		sirattat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

Potential conjugation of sirat

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	sirathatok	sirathatsz	sirathat	sirathatunk	sirathattok	sirathatnak
			def.	sirathatom	sirathatod	sirathatja	sirathatjuk	sirathatjátok	sirathatják
			2nd obj	sirathatlak
		past	indef.	sirathattam	sirathattál	sirathatott	sirathattunk	sirathattatok	sirathattak
			def.	sirathattam	sirathattad	sirathatta	sirathattuk	sirathattátok	sirathatták
			2nd obj	sirathattalak
archaic preterite		indef.	sirathaték	sirathatál	sirathata	sirathatánk	sirathatátok	sirathatának
		def.	sirathatám	sirathatád	sirathatá	sirathatánk	sirathatátok	sirathaták
		2nd obj	sirathatálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. sirathat vala, sirathatott vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	sirathatandok or siratandhatok	sirathatandasz or siratandhatsz	sirathatand or siratandhat	sirathatandunk or siratandhatunk	sirathatandotok or siratandhattok	sirathatandanak or siratandhatnak
	def.	sirathatandom or siratandhatom	sirathatandod or siratandhatod	sirathatandja or siratandhatja	sirathatandjuk or siratandhatjuk	sirathatandjátok or siratandhatjátok	sirathatandják or siratandhatják
	2nd obj	sirathatandalak or siratandhatlak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	sirathatnék	sirathatnál	sirathatna	sirathatnánk	sirathatnátok	sirathatnának
		def.	sirathatnám	sirathatnád	sirathatná	sirathatnánk (or sirathatnók)	sirathatnátok	sirathatnák
		2nd obj	sirathatnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. sirathatott volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	sirathassak	sirathass or sirathassál	sirathasson	sirathassunk	sirathassatok	sirathassanak
			def.	sirathassam	sirathasd or sirathassad	sirathassa	sirathassuk	sirathassátok	sirathassák
			2nd obj	sirathassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. sirathatott légyen
infinitive	(sirathatni)		(sirathatnom)	(sirathatnod)	(sirathatnia)	(sirathatnunk)	(sirathatnotok)	(sirathatniuk)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	siratható			sirathatatlan		(sirathatva / sirathatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

• elsirat
• megsirat

Further reading

• sirat in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Swedish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Zierrat. Cognate of Dutch sieraad.

Noun

sirat c

1. ornament, decoration

Declension

Declension of sirat

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	sirat	sirats
	definite	siraten	siratens
plural	indefinite	sirater	siraters
	definite	siraterna	siraternas

Derived terms

• siratlig

Related terms

• sira
• sirlig

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sirat

1. supine of sira

Adjective

sirat

1. indefinite neuter singular of sirad

References

• sirat in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sirat in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sirat in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)