skulan

Gothic

Romanization

skulan

1. romanization of 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *skulan.

Cognates

Compare Old Dutch skulan, sulan, Old English sculan, Old High German skulan, sulan, Old Norse skulu, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan).

Verb

skulan

1. shall, will
   • 9th c., Heliand, verse 621:

     that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan

     that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books'

2. to must, to have to
   • 9th c., Heliand, verse 1883:

     Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal

     Be careful against them, against their dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies

Conjugation

Conjugation of skulan (preterite-present)

infinitive	skulan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	skal	skolda
2nd person singular	skalt	skoldes
3rd person singular	skal	skolda
plural	skulun	skoldun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	skuli	skoldi
2nd person singular	skulis	skoldis
3rd person singular	skuli	skoldi
plural	skulin	skoldin
imperative	present
singular	—
plural	—
participle	present	past
	skulandi	—

Descendants

• Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen
  • Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen

    German Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen