szilárd
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From szil (“elm”) + -árd. The suffix was taken from the adjective csalárd (“fraudulent, deceitful”) (csal (“to cheat”) + -árd) and irregularly appended to the noun. Created by Pál Szemere during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]szilárd (comparative szilárdabb, superlative legszilárdabb)
- solid, firm
- Coordinate terms: folyékony, légnemű, plazmaállapotú
Declension
[edit]| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | szilárd | szilárdak |
| accusative | szilárdat | szilárdakat |
| dative | szilárdnak | szilárdaknak |
| instrumental | szilárddal | szilárdakkal |
| causal-final | szilárdért | szilárdakért |
| translative | szilárddá | szilárdakká |
| terminative | szilárdig | szilárdakig |
| essive-formal | szilárdként | szilárdakként |
| essive-modal | szilárdul | — |
| inessive | szilárdban | szilárdakban |
| superessive | szilárdon | szilárdakon |
| adessive | szilárdnál | szilárdaknál |
| illative | szilárdba | szilárdakba |
| sublative | szilárdra | szilárdakra |
| allative | szilárdhoz | szilárdakhoz |
| elative | szilárdból | szilárdakból |
| delative | szilárdról | szilárdakról |
| ablative | szilárdtól | szilárdaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
szilárdé | szilárdaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
szilárdéi | szilárdakéi |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ szilárd in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- szilárd in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN