tõsi
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *toci, compare dialectal tosi (Northeastern Coastal dialect).
Further etymology is unclear. Possibly from Proto-Uralic *čoďe (compare Northern Mansi со̄ль (sōlʹ)). Other hypoteses include both a Baltic borrowing, compare Lithuanian stačias (“straight; erect, upright”), status (“steep”), and a Germanic loan, possibly from Proto-Germanic *stōdija- (“firm, steadfast, steady, serious, honest, fair”). Both can be traced back to the same Proto-Indo-European root: *steh₂- (“to stand”).
Cognates include Finnish tosi, Votic tõsi, Livonian tuož, Ingrian and Karelian tosi, Livvi, Livonian, Ludian, and Veps tozi and Northern Sami duohta (from Proto-Samic *tuotë, probably borrowed from Proto-Finnic).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tõsi (genitive tõe, partitive tõtt)
- truth (a statement, story, etc. that reflects a real situation, which actually exists)
- Synonym: tõde
- Antonym: vale
- Tahan teada tõtt. ― I want to know the truth.
- Uskumatu, kuid tõsi. ― Unbelievable, but true.
- Vannun, et rääkisin tõtt. ― I swear I was telling the truth.
- Kas ta räägib tõtt või valetab? ― Is (s)he telling the truth or lying?
- Pole kerge tõtt valest eraldada. ― It is not easy to separate truth from falsehood.
- Pole tõsi, selle oled sa ise välja mõelnud! ― That's not true, you made it up!
- Selles jutus pole raasugi tõtt. ― There's not a shred of truth in that story.
- Tuleb endale tõtt tunnistada. ― We have to admit the truth to ourselves.
- Kuulujutt ei vasta tõele. ― The rumour is not true.
- Tema võtab kõike tõe pähe. ― (S)he takes everything at face value. (literally, “ […] to the head of truth.”)
- On see tõsi või ainult sinu ettekujutus? ― Is this true or just your imagination?
- Ärevad aimdused osutusid tõeks. ― The fearful suspicions turned out to be true.
- Ennustus sai tõeks. ― The prediction came true.
- Tõtt öelda, see ei puutu minusse. ― To tell the truth, that's not my business.
- Söö, mis küps, räägi, mis tõsi. (proverb) ― Eat what's ripe, tell what's true.
- Confirming or admitting the validity of what has been said.
- Tõsi, ta abiellub. ― Yeah, (s)he is getting married.
- Uhke ta oli, see on tõsi. ― (S)he was proud indeed.
- Ilus ümbrus siin, see on sula tõsi. ― Beautiful surroundings here, that's for sure.
- Tõsi küll, ega temalgi kõik libedalt lähe. ― Admittedly, not everything goes smoothly for him/her either.
Usage notes
[edit]This term is considered a noun in Estonian dictionaries, but it often behaves as a predicative adjective, a particle or an interjection.
tõsi and its synonym tõde differ only in the nominative and partitive singular. Other than that, they are fully synonymous both grammatically and semantically.
Declension
[edit]| Declension of tõsi (ÕS type 15/käsi, d/t-ø-s gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | tõsi | tõed | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | tõe | ||
| genitive | tõte | ||
| partitive | tõtt | tõsi | |
| illative | tõtte tõesse |
tõtesse tõsisse | |
| inessive | tões | tõtes tõsis | |
| elative | tõest | tõtest tõsist | |
| allative | tõele | tõtele tõsile | |
| adessive | tõel | tõtel tõsil | |
| ablative | tõelt | tõtelt tõsilt | |
| translative | tõeks | tõteks tõsiks | |
| terminative | tõeni | tõteni | |
| essive | tõena | tõtena | |
| abessive | tõeta | tõteta | |
| comitative | tõega | tõtega | |
Derived terms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- tõsi in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
- “tõsi”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
Votic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *toci.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]tõsi
Usage notes
[edit]When this adjective is used attributively, the nominative singular form is (chiefly) used. When it is used predicatively, the partitive singular form is used.
Inflection
[edit]All other forms except the nominative and partitive singular forms are rare and are only practically used as adverbs; see the usage notes.
| Declension of tõsi (type X/tuli, t- gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | tõsi | tõõd |
| genitive | tõõ | tõsijõ, tõsii |
| partitive | tõttõ | tõsiitõ, tõsii |
| illative | tõttõ, tõttõsõ | tõsiisõ |
| inessive | tõõz | tõsiiz |
| elative | tõõssõ | tõsiissõ |
| allative | tõõlõ | tõsiilõ |
| adessive | tõõllõ | tõsiillõ |
| ablative | tõõltõ | tõsiiltõ |
| translative | tõõssi | tõsiissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
References
[edit]- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “tõsi”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms derived from Baltic languages
- Estonian terms derived from Germanic languages
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Estonian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɤsi
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɤsi/2 syllables
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- Estonian terms with usage examples
- Estonian käsi-type nominals
- Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/ɤsi
- Rhymes:Votic/ɤsi/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic adjectives
- Votic tuli-type nominals