trefnu
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Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈtrɛvnɨ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈtrɛvni/
Verb[edit]
trefnu (first-person singular present trefnaf)
- to arrange, to organise, to collocate
- to ordain, to manage
- to govern, to rule
- to put in order, to make tidy
- Synonym: tacluso
- to dress, to adorn
- (computing) to format
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | trefnaf | trefni | trefna | trefnwn | trefnwch | trefnant | trefnir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
trefnwn | trefnit | trefnai | trefnem | trefnech | trefnent | trefnid | |
| preterite | trefnais | trefnaist | trefnodd | trefnasom | trefnasoch | trefnasant | trefnwyd | |
| pluperfect | trefnaswn | trefnasit | trefnasai | trefnasem | trefnasech | trefnasent | trefnasid, trefnesid | |
| present subjunctive | trefnwyf | trefnych | trefno | trefnom | trefnoch | trefnont | trefner | |
| imperative | — | trefna | trefned | trefnwn | trefnwch | trefnent | trefner | |
| verbal noun | trefnu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | trefnedig trefnadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | trefna i, trefnaf i | trefni di | trefnith o/e/hi, trefniff e/hi | trefnwn ni | trefnwch chi | trefnan nhw |
| conditional | trefnwn i, trefnswn i | trefnet ti, trefnset ti | trefnai fo/fe/hi, trefnsai fo/fe/hi | trefnen ni, trefnsen ni | trefnech chi, trefnsech chi | trefnen nhw, trefnsen nhw |
| preterite | trefnais i, trefnes i | trefnaist ti, trefnest ti | trefnodd o/e/hi | trefnon ni | trefnoch chi | trefnon nhw |
| imperative | — | trefna | — | — | trefnwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms[edit]
- ad-drefnu (“to rearrange”)
- aildrefnu (“to rearrange”)
- cyfundrefnu (“to systematise”)
Mutation[edit]
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| trefnu | drefnu | nhrefnu | threfnu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading[edit]
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “trefnu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies