tumingala

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *t<um>iŋadaq, from *tiŋadaq +‎ *-um-. Compare Timugon Murut tumingaa (“to look upward”). By surface analysis, tingala +‎ -um-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tumiŋaˈlaʔ/, [tʊ.mɪ.ŋɐˈlaʔ]
• Hyphenation: tu‧mi‧nga‧la

Verb

tumingalâ (complete tumingala, progressive tumitingala, contemplative titingala, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋᜒᜅᜎ)

1. to look above; to look up
2. complete aspect of tumingala

Conjugation

Verb conjugation for tumingala (Class I) - um/an object verb

Root word				tingala
Trigger	Affix	Aspect
		Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative	Recently Complete
Actor	-um-	tumingala	tumingala	tumitingala natingala2	titingala matingala2	katitingala1 kakatingala
Object	-an	tingalaan	tiningalaan	tinitingalaan inatingalaan2	titingalaan atingalaan2	—
Locative	⁠pag- -an	pagtingalaan	pinagtingalaan	pinapagtingalaan pinagtitingalaan	papagtingalaan pagtitingalaan	⁠—
Benefactive	i-	itingala	itiningala	itinitingala	ititingala	⁠—
Instrument	ipang-	ipantingala	ipinantingala	ipinapantingala	ipapantingala	⁠—
Causative	ika-	ikatingala	ikinatingala	ikinatitingala1 ikinakatingala	ikatitingala1 ikakatingala	⁠—
	i-3	itingala	itiningala	itinitingala	ititingala	⁠—
Measurement	i-	itingala	itiningala	itinitingala	ititingala	⁠—
1Used in formal contexts. 2Dialectal use only. 3Generally avoided unless the cause is emphasized.

Indirect (pa-) verb forms

Trigger	Affix	Aspect
		Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative	Recently Complete
Actor	magpa-	magpatingala	nagpatingala	nagpapatingala	magpapatingala	⁠kapatitingala1 kapapatingala kapagpapatingala kakapatingala
Actor-secondary	pa- -in	patingalain	pinatingala	pinatitingala pinapatingala	patitingalain papatingalain	⁠—
Object	⁠ pa- -an	patingalaan	pinatingalaan	pinapatingalaan pinatitingalaan	papatingalaan patitingalaan	⁠—
Benefactive	ipagpa-	ipagpatingala	ipinagpatingala	ipinagpapatingala1 ipinapagpatingala	ipagpapatingala1 ipapagpatingala	⁠—
Causative	ikapagpa-	ikapagpatingala	ikinapagpatingala	ikinapagpapatingala1 ikinakapagpatingala	ikapagpapatingala1 ikakapagpatingala	⁠—
Locative	⁠pagpa- -an	pagpatingalaan	pinagpatingalaan	pinagpapatitingalaan1 pinapagpatingalaan	pagpapatitingalaan1 papagpatingalaan	⁠—
	⁠papag- -an	papagtingalaan	pinapagtingalaan	pinapapagtingalaan	papapagtingalaan	⁠—
1Used in formal contexts.

Ability/involuntary (maka-/ma-) verb forms

Direct action verbs
Trigger	Affix	Aspect
		Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative
Actor	maka-	makatingala	nakatingala	nakatitingala1 nakakatingala	makatitingala1 makakatingala
	mapa-2	mapatingala	napatingala	napatitingala1 napapatingala	mapatitingala1 mapapatingala
Object	⁠ ma- -an	matingalaan	natingalaan	natitingalaan	matitingalaan
Benefactive	mai-	maitingala	naitingala	naititingala	maititingala
Causative	maika-	maikatingala	naikatingala	naikatitingala1 naikakatingala naiikatingala	naikatitingala1 naikakatingala naiikatingala
	mai-	maitingala	naitingala	naititingala	maititingala
Locative	⁠mapag- -an	mapagtingalaan	napagtingalaan	napagtitingalaan1 napapagtingalaan	mapagtitingalaan1 mapapagtingalaan
Indirect action verbs
Trigger	Affix	Aspect
		Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative
Actor	makapagpa-	makapagpatingala	nakapagpatingala	nakapagpapatingala1 nakakapagpatingala	makapagpapatingala1 makakapagpatingala
Actor-secondary	mapa-	mapatingala	napatingala	napatitingala1 napapatingala	mapatitingala1 mapapatingala
Object	⁠ mapa- -an	mapatingalaan	napatingalaan	napatitingalaan1 napapatingalaan	mapatitingalaan1 mapapatingalaan
Benefactive	maipagpa-	maipagpatingala	naipagpatingala	naipagpapatingala1 naipapagpatingala naiipagpatingala	maipagpapatingala1 maipapagpatingala maiipagpatingala
Causative	maikapagpa-	maikapagpatingala	naikapagpatingala	naikapagpapatingala1 naikakapagpatingala naiikapagpatingala	maikapagpapatingala1 maikakapagpatingala maiikapagpatingala
Locative	⁠mapagpa- -an	mapagpatingalaan	napagpatingalaan	napagpapatitingalaan1 napapagpatingalaan	mapagpapatitingalaan1 mapapagpatingalaan
	⁠mapapag- -an	mapapagtingalaan	napapagtingalaan	napapapagtingalaan	mapapapagtingalaan
1Used in formal contexts. 2Only for involuntary actions, not for ability verbs.

Social (maki-) verb forms

Form	Affix	Aspect
		Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative
Direct	maki-	makitingala	nakitingala	nakikitingala	makikitingala
Indirect	makipagpa-	makipagpatingala	nakipagpatingala	nakikipagpatingala	makikipagpatingala