σοφιστής
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From σοφίζω (sophízō, “to become wise”) + -ιστής (-istḗs), from σοφός (sophós, “wise”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /so.pʰis.tɛ̌ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /so.pʰisˈte̝s/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /so.ɸisˈtis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /so.fisˈtis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /so.fisˈtis/
Noun
[edit]σοφῐστής • (sophistḗs) m (genitive σοφῐστοῦ); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
- A master of one's craft
- One who is wise, prudent, a philosopher
- teacher, tutor
- (slang, derogatory) One who makes a profit off of false wisdom: cheat, swindler
Usage notes
[edit]The reputation of the teachers at Athens came into decline in the fifth century BC, and thus came the connotation of cheat. This varies with time in relation to the general approval or disapproval of the paid teachers.
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ σοφῐστής ho sophistḗs |
τὼ σοφῐστᾱ́ tṑ sophistā́ |
οἱ σοφῐσταί hoi sophistaí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σοφῐστοῦ toû sophistoû |
τοῖν σοφῐσταῖν toîn sophistaîn |
τῶν σοφῐστῶν tôn sophistôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σοφῐστῇ tôi sophistêi |
τοῖν σοφῐσταῖν toîn sophistaîn |
τοῖς σοφῐσταῖς toîs sophistaîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν σοφῐστήν tòn sophistḗn |
τὼ σοφῐστᾱ́ tṑ sophistā́ |
τοὺς σοφῐστᾱ́ς toùs sophistā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | σοφῐστᾰ́ sophistá |
σοφῐστᾱ́ sophistā́ |
σοφῐσταί sophistaí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Coordinate terms
[edit]- σοφῐ́στρῐᾰ f (sophístria)
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀκᾰτᾰσόφῐστος (akatasóphistos, “not to be put down by fallacies”)
- ἀντισοφῐστής m (antisophistḗs, “who seeks to refute”)
- ἀσόφῐστος (asóphistos, “not deluded by fallacies”)
- γυμνοσοφῐσταί m pl (gumnosophistaí, “naked philosophers, gymnosophists”)
- γυμνοσοφῐστῐ́ᾱ f (gumnosophistíā, “wisdom of gymnosophists”)
- Δειπνοσοφισταί m pl (Deipnosophistaí, “title of work by Athenaeus”)
- δειπνοσοφῐστής m (deipnosophistḗs, “learned in the mysteries of the kitchen”)
- ἰᾱτροσοφῐστής m (iātrosophistḗs, “professor of medicine”)
- ἰᾱτροφῐλόσοφος m (iātrophilósophos, “scientific doctor”)
- μεγᾰλοσοφῐστής m (megalosophistḗs, “great sophist”)
- μετεωροσοφῐστής m (meteōrosophistḗs, “astronomical sophist”)
- σοφῐστορήτωρ m (sophistorḗtōr, “sophist-orator”)
- ῠ̔περσοφῐστής m (hupersophistḗs, “arch-sophist”)
- ψευδοσοφῐστής m (pseudosophistḗs, “sham-sophist”)
Related terms
[edit]- ἀκᾰτᾰσόφῐστος (akatasóphistos, “not to be put down by fallacies”)
- ἀσόφῐστος (asóphistos, “not deluded by fallacies”)
- σοφῐστείᾱ f (sophisteíā, “sophistry”)
- σοφῐστέον (sophistéon, “one must contrive”)
- σοφῐστέος (sophistéos, “one must contrive”)
- σοφῐ́στευμᾰ n (sophísteuma, “skill, method”)
- σοφῐστεύω (sophisteúō, “play the sophist; teach, give lectures”)
- σοφῐστήρῐον n (sophistḗrion, “school of sophistry”)
- σοφῐστῐάω (sophistiáō, “play the sophist”)
- σοφῐστῐκός (sophistikós, “of a sophist”)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: σοφιστής (sofistís)
- → Arabic:
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: סופיסטה, סופיסטא, סופיסטיס
- Classical Syriac: ܣܘܿܦܝܺܣܛܳܐ (sōpisṭā), ܣܦܣܛܐ, ܣܘܦܣܛܐ, ܣܦܝܣܛܘܣ
- → Arabic: سَفْسَطَائِيّ (safsaṭāʔiyy)
- → Persian: سوفسطایی (sufestâyi)
- → Latin: sophistēs, sophista (all periods), sofista (Medieval Latin)
Further reading
[edit]- “σοφιστής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σοφιστής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ιστής
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the first declension
- Attic Greek
- Ionic Greek
- Koine Greek
- Ancient Greek slang
- Ancient Greek derogatory terms