داشتن

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Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dʾštn' /⁠dāštan⁠/, to hold, to have), [Book Pahlavi needed] (YHSNN-tn' /⁠dāštan⁠/), 𐫅𐫀𐫢𐫤𐫗 (dʾštn /⁠dāštan⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/, to hold, have), from Proto-Iranian *dāráyati,[1] from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰāráyati (to hold, carry; to bear, support), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (to hold).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? dāštan
Dari reading? dāštan
Iranian reading? dâštan
Tajik reading? doštan
  • (file)
  • (file)

Verb[edit]

Dari داشتن
Iranian Persian
Tajik доштан

دَاشْتَن (dâštan) (present stem دار (dâr))

  1. to have; to possess, to own
    چهار تا بچه داریم.čahâr tâ bačče dârim.We have four children.
  2. to hold
  3. (auxiliary, not in very literary language) to be (doing something) [from 1870s[2]]
    دارم می‌روم.dâram mi-ravam.I am going.
    داشتی قدم می‌زدی.dâšti qadam mi-zadi.You were walking.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Unlike most other verbs, the simple present imperfective form of داشتن does not use the durative prefix می (mi-).
  • داشتن as the progressive auxiliary is normal in both speech and many text genres, but is still avoided in more conservative literary registers as a colloquialism.
  • In medieval texts, the nuance of داشتن is often closer to English "to hold; to keep", and possession is usually marked by را (, at, the indirect object marker) + بودن (budan, to be).

Conjugation[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 58
  2. ^ Shadi Davari, Mehrdad Naghzguy-Kohan (2017) “The grammaticalization of progressive aspect in Persian”, in The Grammaticalization of Tense, Aspect, Modality and Evidentiality, De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, pages 163-190