𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃

Gothic

FWOTD – 13 May 2023

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈurˌruns/

Etymology 1

From 𐌿𐍃- (us-, “out-”) +‎ 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 (runs, “run”). The sense of "east", may be a semantic loan from Koine Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ).

Noun

𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 • (urruns) m

2. rise (of a celestial body: appearance of moving from behind the horizon) (particularly of the Sun)
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 1.78:

     𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 𐌹𐌽𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃, 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍉𐌸 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌿𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹,

     þairh infeinandein armahairtein gudis unsaris, in þammei gaweisōþ unsara urruns us hauhiþai,

     Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us, (KJV).

4. (by extension, uncountable) the east (compass point)

   Antonym: 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌰 (saggqa)

   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Matthew (Codex Argenteus) 8.11:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌰 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌼𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌰𐌺𐍉𐌱𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌴:

     aþþan qiþa izwis þatei managai fram urrunsa jah saggqa qimand, jah anakumbjand miþ abrahama jah isaka jah iakōba in þiudangardjai himinē:

     And I say unto you, That many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven. (KJV).

6. toilet, latrine (fixture used for urination and defecation) (translating ἀφεδρών (aphedrṓn))
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 7.19:

     𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐌽𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉, 𐌰𐌺 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌸, 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃.

     untē ni galeiþiþ imma in hairtō, ak in wamba, jah in urrunsa usgaggiþ, gahraineiþ allans matins.

     Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats? (KJV).

Declension

Only attested in the nominative singular 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 (urruns) and in the dative singular 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰 (urrunsa); the declension of this noun seems thus to have been corrupted by the noun below, as one would expect the dative singular to be *𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰, in accordance with the derivational base 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 (runs) (dative 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa)). Furthermore, it is not known whether this noun was an a-stem or an i-stem.

Related terms

• 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (urrinnan, “to go forth, go out; to come out, arise”)
• 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉 (rinnō, “stream”)
• 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 (runs, “run”)

See also

• 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰 (smarna, “feces”)
• 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 (sunnō, “the Sun”)

Etymology 2

From 𐌿𐍃- (us-, “out-”) +‎ Proto-Germanic *runsiz (“stream, course”).

Noun

𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 • (urruns) f

2. (hapax) departure (death)

   Synonym: 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌿𐍃 (dauþus)

   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 9.31:

     𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌵𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌽 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐍃, 𐌸𐍉𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌼.

     þai gasaiƕanans in wulþau qēþun urruns is, þōei skulda usfulljan in iairusalēm.

     Who appeared in glory, and spake of his decease which he should accomplish at Jerusalem. (KJV).

Usage notes

While the term is only used with the sense of "death" in the single place where it appears, it may, like its Greek model ἔξοδος (éxodos), also have meant "departure" in the sense of "action of going out or going away, or leaving" and been used for "death" only euphemistically. This, however, need not necessarily be the case; compare 𐌿𐍃𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (usqiman, “to kill”).

Declension

Feminine i-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 urruns	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 urrunseis
Vocative	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 urruns	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 urrunseis
Accusative	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 urruns	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍃 urrunsins
Genitive	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍃 urrunsais	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴 urrunsē
Dative	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹 urrunsai	𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌹𐌼 urrunsim

Related terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 (garuns, “marketplace or street”)
• 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (urrinnan, “to go forth, go out; to come out, arise”)
• 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉 (rinnō, “stream”)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 161