кисна

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kysnǫti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkisnɐ]

• Audio

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Verb

ки́сна • (kísna) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (transitive) to soak, to make wet

   Synonym: мокря (mokrja)

2. (intransitive) to ferment, to rot
3. (figurative) to waste time, to languish

   кисна на опашката ― kisna na opaškata ― I waste time in the queue

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ки́сна (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ки́снещ kísnešt	ки́снал, кисна́л1 kísnal, kisnál1	ки́снел kísnel	ки́снат kísnat		ки́снейки kísnejki
	definite subject form	ки́снещият kísneštijat	ки́сналият, кисна́лият1 kísnalijat, kisnálijat1	—	ки́снатият kísnatijat
	definite object form	ки́снещия kísneštija	ки́сналия, кисна́лия1 kísnalija, kisnálija1	—	ки́снатия kísnatija
feminine	indefinite	ки́снеща kísnešta	ки́снала, кисна́ла1 kísnala, kisnála1	ки́снела kísnela	ки́сната kísnata
	definite	ки́снещата kísneštata	ки́сналата, кисна́лата1 kísnalata, kisnálata1	—	ки́снатата kísnatata
neuter	indefinite	ки́снещо kísnešto	ки́снало, кисна́ло1 kísnalo, kisnálo1	ки́снело kísnelo	ки́снато kísnato	ки́снене kísnene
	definite	ки́снещото kísneštoto	ки́сналото, кисна́лото1 kísnaloto, kisnáloto1	—	ки́снатото kísnatoto	ки́сненето kísneneto
plural	indefinite	ки́снещи kísnešti	ки́снали, кисна́ли1 kísnali, kisnáli1	ки́снели kísneli	ки́снати kísnati	ки́снения, ки́сненета kísnenija, kísneneta
	definite	ки́снещите kísneštite	ки́сналите, кисна́лите1 kísnalite, kisnálite1	—	ки́снатите kísnatite	ки́сненията, ки́сненетата kísnenijata, kísnenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ки́сна kísna	ки́снеш kísneš	ки́сне kísne	ки́снем kísnem	ки́снете kísnete	ки́снат kísnat
imperfect		ки́снех kísneh	ки́снеше kísneše	ки́снеше kísneše	ки́снехме kísnehme	ки́снехте kísnehte	ки́снеха kísneha
aorist		ки́снах, кисна́х1 kísnah, kisnáh1	ки́сна, кисна́1 kísna, kisná1	ки́сна, кисна́1 kísna, kisná1	ки́снахме, кисна́хме1 kísnahme, kisnáhme1	ки́снахте, кисна́хте1 kísnahte, kisnáhte1	ки́снаха, кисна́ха1 kísnaha, kisnáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ки́снел m, ки́снела f, ки́снело n, or ки́снели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ки́снел m, ки́снела f, ки́снело n, or ки́снели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ки́снел m, ки́снела f, ки́снело n, or ки́снели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ки́снал/кисна́л1 m, ки́снала/кисна́ла1 f, ки́снало/кисна́ло1 n, or ки́снали/кисна́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			кисни́ kisní			кисне́те kisnéte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

• вкисвам (vkisvam, “to get sour, to spoil”)
• накисвам (nakisvam, “to souk up”)

Related terms

• окис (okis, “acidity”)
• кисло (kislo, “wetness, moldiness”) (dialectal)
• кисел (kisel, “sour”)
• квася (kvasja, “to fermentalize”)
• кипя (kipja, “to soothe”) (possibly)
• късен (kǎsen, “late, overdue (for time)”) (possibly)

References

• “кисна”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кисна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 389

Anagrams

• синка (sinka)