आर्य

Sanskrit

Wikipedia

Etymology

From one of the several Proto-Indo-Iranian *ar- roots, possibly ar- "to give, to allot, to cause to get", from which various meanings related to giving-and-getting would derive. Another possibility includes ar- "to move", as an attribute of a nomadic peoples. Derivation from a root (a)ri- is no longer accepted.

Old Indic ārya- is cognate with Old Iranian arya- (Avestan airya/airiia-; Old Persian ariya-). The term was used as a self-designator by both Indians and Iranians. Other Old Indic forms (árya-, aryá-, aryà-) have no equivalent.

Noun

आर्य (ā́rya) m.

1. (primary) an Indo-Aryan, i.e. an Ārya-, a self-designator of the peoples of Ancient India who speak Ārya language (ārya-bhāšā-)
   1. a speaker of the language of the Vedas (opposed to अनार्य (an-ārya), दस्यु (dasyu), दास (dāsa))
   2. an inhabitant of आर्यावर्त (āryā.varta)
   3. a member of the ārya.varna.
   4. one who is favourable to the Ārya- people/cause (RV. etc.)
2. (secondary) a person having the self-ascribed qualities of a speaker of Ārya language
   1. a respectable, honourable, faithful man
   2. one who is faithful to the religion of his country
   3. a man highly esteemed, a respectable, honourable man (Pañcat., Śak. etc.)
   4. in later times name of the first three castes, compare ārya.varna (opposed to शूद्र (śūdra)) (late RV., AV., VS., MBh., Yājñ., Pañcat. etc.)
   5. an arí-, a master, an owner (L.)
   6. an aryamán, a friend (L.)
   7. a वैश्य (vaiśya) (L.)
3. (from developments in Buddhist/Pali usage)
   1. Buddha
   2. (Buddhism) a man who has thought on the four chief truths of Buddhism and lives accordingly, a Buddhist priest (Pali अय्यो (ayyo), or अरियो (ariyo))
4. (proper noun) a son of Manu Sāvarṇa (Hariv.)

Declension

    Masculine a-stem declension of आर्य

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आर्यः (ā́ryaḥ)	आर्यौ (ā́ryau)	आर्याः (ā́ryāḥ)
Vocative	आर्य (ā́rya)	आर्यौ (ā́ryau)	आर्याः (ā́ryāḥ)
Accusative	आर्यम् (ā́ryam)	आर्यौ (ā́ryau)	आर्यान् (ā́ryān)
Instrumental	आर्येण (ā́ryeṇa)	आर्याभ्याम् (ā́ryābhyām)	आर्यैः (ā́ryaiḥ)
Dative	आर्याय (ā́ryāya)	आर्याभ्याम् (ā́ryābhyām)	आर्येभ्यः (ā́ryebhyaḥ)
Ablative	आर्यात् (ā́ryāt)	आर्याभ्याम् (ā́ryābhyām)	आर्येभ्यः (ā́ryebhyaḥ)
Genitive	आर्यस्य (ā́ryasya)	आर्ययोः (ā́ryayoḥ)	आर्याणाम् (ā́ryāṇām)
Locative	आर्ये (ā́rye)	आर्ययोः (ā́ryayoḥ)	आर्येषु (ā́ryeṣu)

Adjective

आर्य (ā́rya)

1. (primary) Indo-Aryan, pertaining to peoples of ancient India who speak Ārya (:= Indo-Aryan) language
   1. pertaining to speakers of the language of the Vedas (opposed to अनार्य (an-ārya), दस्यु (dasyu), दास (dāsa))
   2. pertaining to inhabitants of आर्यावर्त (āryā.varta)
   3. pertaining to members of the ārya.varna
   4. pertaining to worshipers of the gods of the Vedas
2. (secondary) self-ascribed qualities of a person who speaks (an) Ārya language
   1. respectable, honourable, faithful
   2. faithful to the religion of his country
   3. behaving like an arya-, worthy of one, honourable, respectable, noble (R., Mn., Śak. etc.)
   4. of a good family
   5. excellent
   6. wise
   7. suitable

Declension

    Masculine a-stem declension of आर्य

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आर्यः (āryaḥ)	आर्यौ (āryau)	आर्याः (āryāḥ)
Vocative	आर्य (ārya)	आर्यौ (āryau)	आर्याः (āryāḥ)
Accusative	आर्यम् (āryam)	आर्यौ (āryau)	आर्यान् (āryān)
Instrumental	आर्येण (āryeṇa)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्यैः (āryaiḥ)
Dative	आर्याय (āryāya)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्येभ्यः (āryebhyaḥ)
Ablative	आर्यात् (āryāt)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्येभ्यः (āryebhyaḥ)
Genitive	आर्यस्य (āryasya)	आर्ययोः (āryayoḥ)	आर्याणाम् (āryāṇām)
Locative	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्ययोः (āryayoḥ)	आर्येषु (āryeṣu)

    Feminine ā-stem declension of आर्या

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आर्या (āryā)	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्याः (āryāḥ)
Vocative	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्याः (āryāḥ)
Accusative	आर्याम् (āryām)	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्याः (āryāḥ)
Instrumental	आर्यया (āryayā)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्याभिः (āryābhiḥ)
Dative	आर्यायै (āryāyai)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्याभ्यः (āryābhyaḥ)
Ablative	आर्यायाः (āryāyāḥ)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्याभ्यः (āryābhyaḥ)
Genitive	आर्यायाः (āryāyāḥ)	आर्ययोः (āryayoḥ)	आर्याणाम् (āryāṇām)
Locative	आर्यायाम् (āryāyām)	आर्ययोः (āryayoḥ)	आर्यासु (āryāsu)

    Neuter a-stem declension of आर्य

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आर्यम् (āryam)	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्याणि (āryāṇi)
Vocative	आर्य (ārya)	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्याणि (āryāṇi)
Accusative	आर्यम् (āryam)	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्याणि (āryāṇi)
Instrumental	आर्येण (āryeṇa)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्यैः (āryaiḥ)
Dative	आर्याय (āryāya)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्येभ्यः (āryebhyaḥ)
Ablative	आर्यात् (āryāt)	आर्याभ्याम् (āryābhyām)	आर्येभ्यः (āryebhyaḥ)
Genitive	आर्यस्य (āryasya)	आर्ययोः (āryayoḥ)	आर्याणाम् (āryāṇām)
Locative	आर्ये (ārye)	आर्ययोः (āryayoḥ)	आर्येषु (āryeṣu)

References

• Sir Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898, page 0152