वृक

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *urka-, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬋 (vəhrkō), Old Persian varka- (Persian گرگ (gorg)), Latin lupus, Ancient Greek λύκος (lukos), Lithuanian vilkas, Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Native grammarians etymologize it as "the tearer" and connect it to root √vrasc, compare वृक्ण (vṛkṇa).

Noun

वृक (vṛ́ka) m

1. wolf
   • RV 1.183.4a

     मा वां वर्को मा वर्कीरा दधर्षीन मा परि वर्क्तमुतमाति धक्तम |

     mā vāṃ vṛko mā vṛkīrā dadharṣīn mā pari varktamutamāti dhaktam |

     Let not the wolf, let not the she-wolf harm you. Forsake me not, nor pass me by or others.

2. dog
3. jackal
4. crow
5. owl
6. thief
7. kshatriya
8. plough
9. thunderbolt
10. moon
11. sun
12. (botany) a kind of plant (= बक (baka))
13. the resin of Pinus longifolia

Declension

    Masculine a-stem declension of वृक

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृकः (vṛkaḥ)	वृकौ (vṛkau)	वृकाः (vṛkāḥ)
Vocative	वृक (vṛka)	वृकौ (vṛkau)	वृकाः (vṛkāḥ)
Accusative	वृकम् (vṛkam)	वृकौ (vṛkau)	वृकान् (vṛkān)
Instrumental	वृकेण (vṛkeṇa)	वृकाभ्याम् (vṛkābhyām)	वृकैः (vṛkaiḥ)
Dative	वृकाय (vṛkāya)	वृकाभ्याम् (vṛkābhyām)	वृकेभ्यः (vṛkebhyaḥ)
Ablative	वृकात् (vṛkāt)	वृकाभ्याम् (vṛkābhyām)	वृकेभ्यः (vṛkebhyaḥ)
Genitive	वृकस्य (vṛkasya)	वृकयोः (vṛkayoḥ)	वृकाणाम् (vṛkāṇām)
Locative	वृके (vṛke)	वृकयोः (vṛkayoḥ)	वृकेषु (vṛkeṣu)

Proper noun

वृक (Vṛ́ka) m

1. name of an Asura
2. name of a son of Krishna
3. name of a king
4. name of a son of Ruruka (or Bharuka)
5. name Prithu
6. name of a son of Shura
7. name of a son of Vatsaka
8. (in the plural) name of a people and a country (belonging to मध्यदेश (madhya-deśa)) (compare वार्केण्य (vārkeṇya))

Related terms

• वृकी (vṛ́kī)

Descendants

• Telugu: వృకము

References

• Sir Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898, page 1008
• Arthur A. Macdonell, A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, 1893, page 294
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 700
• Carl Capeller, A Sanskrit-English dictionary, based upon the St. Petersburg lexicons, London: Luzac & Co., 1891, page 516