व्यथा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यथा (vyathā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʋjə.t̪ʰɑː/, [ʋjɐ.t̪ʰäː]

Noun

व्यथा • (vyathā) f

1. pain, anguish, suffering

   Synonyms: पीड़ा (pīṛā), क्लेश (kleś), दुःख (duḥkh)

Declension

Declension of व्यथा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	व्यथा vyathā	व्यथाएँ vyathāẽ
oblique	व्यथा vyathā	व्यथाओं vyathāõ
vocative	व्यथा vyathā	व्यथाओ vyathāo

Further reading

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “व्यथा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Etymology

From the root व्यथ् (vyath) +‎ -आ (-ā)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋjɐ.tʰɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋjɐ.t̪ʰɑː/

Noun

व्यथा • (vyathā) stem, f

1. agitation, perturbation, alarm, uneasiness, pain, anguish, fear
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
2. loss, damage, ill-luck
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
3. palpitation, throbbing of the heart
   • c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of व्यथा (vyathā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	व्यथा vyathā	व्यथे vyathe	व्यथाः vyathāḥ
Vocative	व्यथे vyathe	व्यथे vyathe	व्यथाः vyathāḥ
Accusative	व्यथाम् vyathām	व्यथे vyathe	व्यथाः vyathāḥ
Instrumental	व्यथया / व्यथा¹ vyathayā / vyathā¹	व्यथाभ्याम् vyathābhyām	व्यथाभिः vyathābhiḥ
Dative	व्यथायै vyathāyai	व्यथाभ्याम् vyathābhyām	व्यथाभ्यः vyathābhyaḥ
Ablative	व्यथायाः / व्यथायै² vyathāyāḥ / vyathāyai²	व्यथाभ्याम् vyathābhyām	व्यथाभ्यः vyathābhyaḥ
Genitive	व्यथायाः / व्यथायै² vyathāyāḥ / vyathāyai²	व्यथयोः vyathayoḥ	व्यथानाम् vyathānām
Locative	व्यथायाम् vyathāyām	व्यथयोः vyathayoḥ	व्यथासु vyathāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “व्यथा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1031.