苦悶

See also: 苦闷

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	melancholy; smother; stuffy
trad. (苦悶)		苦	悶
simp. (苦闷)		苦	闷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǔmèn

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄇㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² mun⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-mun
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-būn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǔmèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄇㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǔmèn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻu³-mên⁴
    • Yale: kǔ-mèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuumenn
    • Palladius: кумэнь (kumɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu² mun⁶
    • Yale: fú muhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu² mun⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu² mun⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ muːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-mun
    • Hakka Romanization System: ku` mun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ mun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰu³¹ mun⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-būn
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-būn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofbun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun³³/

Adjective

苦悶

1. depressed; dejected

Synonyms

• 低沉 (dīchén)
• 低落 (dīluò)
• 冷館／冷馆 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 喪氣／丧气
• 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
• 失望 (shīwàng)
• 失落 (shīluò)
• 寡歡／寡欢 (guǎhuān)
• 幽鬱／幽郁 (yōuyù) (archaic)
• 悒鬱／悒郁 (yìyù) (literary)
• 悒鬱寡歡／悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
• 愁悶／愁闷 (chóumèn)
• 憂悶／忧闷 (yōumèn)
• 慘沮／惨沮 (cǎnjǔ) (literary)
• 憂鬱／忧郁 (yōuyù)
• 憋悶／憋闷
• 懊喪／懊丧 (àosàng)
• 抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
• 沉悶／沉闷 (chénmèn)
• 沉鬱／沉郁 (chényù) (literary)
• 沮喪／沮丧 (jǔsàng)
• 消極／消极 (xiāojí)
• 消沉 (xiāochén)
• 灰 (huī) (literary, or in compounds)
• 灰心 (huīxīn)
• 灰心喪氣／灰心丧气 (huīxīnsàngqì)
• 煩悶／烦闷 (fánmèn)
• 神傷／神伤 (shénshāng) (literary)
• 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
• 萎靡
• 陰暗／阴暗 (yīn'àn)
• 陰沉／阴沉 (yīnchén)
• 頹唐／颓唐 (tuítáng)
• 頹喪／颓丧 (tuísàng)
• 頹廢／颓废 (tuífèi)
• 鬱悶／郁闷 (yùmèn)
• 鬱鬱／郁郁 (yùyù) (literary)
• 鬱鬱不樂／郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
• 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
• 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
• 齪嘈／龊嘈 (Hokkien)

 

Antonyms

• 舒暢／舒畅 (shūchàng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
苦	悶
く Grade: 3	もん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くもん [kùmóń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝmõ̞ɴ]

Noun

苦(く)悶(もん) • (kumon) 

1. agony, anguish, worry, trouble

   苦(く)悶(もん)の神(かみ)、ファリカ

   Kumon no Kami, Farika

   Pharika, Goddess of Affliction

Korean

Hanja in this term
苦	悶

Noun

苦悶 • (gomin) (hangeul 고민)

1. Hanja form^? of 고민 (“agony, anguish, worry, trouble”).