落葉

See also: 落叶

Chinese

		to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind	leaf; page
trad. (落葉)		落	葉
simp. (落叶)		落	叶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): luòyè

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lok⁶ jip⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lo̍k-ya̍p
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍h-hio̍h / lak-hio̍h / làu-hio̍h

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luòyè
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luòyè
    • Wade–Giles: lo⁴-yeh⁴
    • Yale: lwò-yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohyeh
    • Palladius: лое (loje)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lok⁶ jip⁶
    • Yale: lohk yihp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁹ jip⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: log⁶ yib⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚² jiːp̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lo̍k-ya̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: log iab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: log⁶ yab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ i̯ap̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lo̍k-ya̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: log (r)iab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: log⁶ yab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ (j)i̯ap̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍h-hio̍h / lak-hio̍h / làu-hio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: lo̍h-hio̍h / lak-hio̍h / làu-hio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loiqhioih, lakhioih, lao'hioih
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lo(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hioʔ⁴/, /lak̚³²⁻⁴ hioʔ⁴/, /lau²¹⁻⁵³ hioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hioʔ²⁴/, /lak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hioʔ²⁴/, /lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hioʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hioʔ¹²¹/, /lak̚³²⁻⁵ hioʔ¹²¹/, /lau²¹⁻⁵³ hioʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lo(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hioʔ⁴/, /lak̚³²⁻⁴ hioʔ⁴/, /lau¹¹⁻⁵³ hioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hiɤʔ⁴/, /lak̚³²⁻⁴ hiɤʔ⁴/, /lau²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤʔ⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: lak yep

Rime
Character	落	葉
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	葉 (155)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	盧各切	與涉切
Baxter	lak	yep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/	/jiᴇp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/	/jiɛp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/	/jæp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/	/jiap̚/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/	/iɛp̚/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/	/jĭɛp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/	/i̯ɛp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok6	jip6

Noun

落葉

1. fallen leaves

Derived terms

• 樹高千丈，落葉歸根／树高千丈，落叶归根
• 秋風掃落葉／秋风扫落叶 (qiūfēng sǎo luòyè)
• 秋風落葉／秋风落叶
• 落葉歸根／落叶归根 (luòyèguīgēn)
• 落葉知秋／落叶知秋

 

Verb

落葉

1. to lose leaves

Derived terms

• 落葉松／落叶松 (luòyèsōng)
• 落葉林／落叶林
• 落葉果樹／落叶果树
• 落葉樹／落叶树 (luòyèshù)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (落葉):

• → Japanese: 落葉(らくよう) (rakuyō)
• → Korean: 낙엽(落葉) (nagyeop)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
落	葉
らく Grade: 3	よう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) らくよー [ràkúyóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝjo̞ː]

Noun

落(らく)葉(よう) • (rakuyō) ^{←らくえふ (rakuefu)?}

1. defoliation, the shedding of leaves
2. scattered leaves, leaves that have fallen from a tree

Verb

落(らく)葉(よう)する • (rakuyō suru) suru (stem 落(らく)葉(よう)し (rakuyō shi), past 落(らく)葉(よう)した (rakuyō shita))

1. to shed leaves

   落葉(らくよう)する木(き) ― rakuyō suru ki ― deciduous tree, a tree that sheds leaves

Conjugation

Conjugation of "落葉する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	落葉し	らくようし	rakuyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	落葉し	らくようし	rakuyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	落葉する	らくようする	rakuyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	落葉する	らくようする	rakuyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	落葉すれ	らくようすれ	rakuyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	落葉せよ¹ 落葉しろ²	らくようせよ¹ らくようしろ²	rakuyō seyo¹ rakuyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	落葉される	らくようされる	rakuyō sareru
Causative	落葉させる 落葉さす	らくようさせる らくようさす	rakuyō saseru rakuyō sasu
Potential	落葉できる	らくようできる	rakuyō dekiru
Volitional	落葉しよう	らくようしよう	rakuyō shiyō
Negative	落葉しない	らくようしない	rakuyō shinai
Negative continuative	落葉せず	らくようせず	rakuyō sezu
Formal	落葉します	らくようします	rakuyō shimasu
Perfective	落葉した	らくようした	rakuyō shita
Conjunctive	落葉して	らくようして	rakuyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	落葉すれば	らくようすれば	rakuyō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
落	葉
お(ち) Grade: 3	は > ば Grade: 3
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 落葉 – see the following entry.

【おちば】 [noun] fallen leaves [verb] This term needs a translation to English. Alternative spelling 落ち葉

(This term, 落葉, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

See also

• 落葉松(からまつ) (karamatsu)