-do

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Japanese

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Romanization

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-do

  1. Rōmaji transcription of

Latin

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (put; do). The regular outcomes of *dʰ in Latin are /f/ word-initially (cf. fūmus) and /d/ otherwise (cf. fīdō).

    The derivatives of -dō are not always easy to distinguish from those of (give) < *deh₃-.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    -dō (present infinitive -dere, perfect active -didī, supine -ditum); third conjugation

    1. to put

    Conjugation

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       Conjugation of -dō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present -dō -dis -dit -dimus -ditis -dunt
    imperfect -dēbam -dēbās -dēbat -dēbāmus -dēbātis -dēbant
    future -dam -dēs -det -dēmus -dētis -dent
    perfect -didī -didistī -didit -didimus -didistis -didērunt,
    -didēre
    pluperfect -dideram -diderās -diderat -diderāmus -diderātis -diderant
    future perfect -diderō -dideris -diderit -diderimus -dideritis -diderint
    sigmatic future1 -is -it -imus -itis -int
    passive present -dor -deris,
    -dere
    -ditur -dimur -diminī -duntur
    imperfect -dēbar -dēbāris,
    -dēbāre
    -dēbātur -dēbāmur -dēbāminī -dēbantur
    future -dar -dēris,
    -dēre
    -dētur -dēmur -dēminī -dentur
    perfect -ditus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect -ditus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect -ditus + future active indicative of sum
    sigmatic future1 -or -eris -itur
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present -dam -dās -dat -dāmus -dātis -dant
    imperfect -derem -derēs -deret -derēmus -derētis -derent
    perfect -diderim -diderīs -diderit -diderīmus -diderītis -diderint
    pluperfect -didissem -didissēs -didisset -didissēmus -didissētis -didissent
    sigmatic aorist1 -im -īs -īt -īmus -ītis -int
    passive present -dar -dāris,
    -dāre
    -dātur -dāmur -dāminī -dantur
    imperfect -derer -derēris,
    -derēre
    -derētur -derēmur -derēminī -derentur
    perfect -ditus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect -ditus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present -de -dite
    future -ditō -ditō -ditōte -duntō
    passive present -dere -diminī
    future -ditor -ditor -duntor
    non-finite forms active passive
    present perfect future present perfect future
    infinitives -dere -didisse -ditūrum esse -dī -ditum esse -ditum īrī
    participles -dēns -ditūrus -ditus -dendus,
    -dundus
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    -dendī -dendō -dendum -dendō -ditum -ditū

    1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

    Derived terms

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    References

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    • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-dō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175

    Murui Huitoto

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): [-dɔ]
    • Hyphenation: do

    Etymology 1

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    Cognates include Minica Huitoto -do and Nüpode Huitoto -do.

    Classifier

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    -do

    1. Classifier for pointy objects.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Suffix

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    -do

    1. second-person singular affirmative nonfuture indicative of -de

    References

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    • Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[1], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 76