-inen

See also: inen

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Originally also had the variant -nen, but in the standard language, the two variants have been made distinct by giving them different uses.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-inen/, [-ine̞n]
• IPA^(key): /-ne(n)/, [-ne̞(n)] (colloquial, dialectal; see usage notes)

Suffix

-inen

1. Creates adjectives:
   1. Creates adjectives signifying a certain quality: -like, -ous, -y

      ‎vuoristo (“mountain range”) + ‎-inen → ‎vuoristoinen (“mountainous”)

      ‎sotku (“mess”) + ‎-inen → ‎sotkuinen (“messy”)

      ‎talvi (“winter”) + ‎-inen → ‎talvinen (“wintry”)

   2. Creates adjectives indicating a material of which something is made: -en

      ‎kulta (“gold”) + ‎-inen → ‎kultainen (“golden”)

      ‎puu (“tree; wood”) + ‎-inen → ‎puinen (“wooden”)

   3. Creates adjectives from present active participles, indicating a tendency to be/do something.

      ‎taipuva (“flexible”) + ‎-inen → ‎taipuvainen (“inclined, predisposed (to do something)”)

   4. Creates adjectives from foreign roots: -ic

      ‎demokraatti- + ‎-inen → ‎demokraattinen (“democratic”)

      ‎konstruktiivi- + ‎-inen → ‎konstruktiivinen (“constructive”)

Usage notes

• This suffix is highly productive.
• All -inen nominals belong to declension class 38 (nainen). Nominals belonging to this class have special combining forms.
  • The combining form used for most -inen derivatives (including basically all nouns) before other words in a compound: the final -nen is replaced with -s-:

    pohjoinen → pohjois-

  • For -inen words where the root is of Latin or Greek origin, the -s- too is often dropped.

    nominaalinen → nominaali-

• When appended to verbs ending in -taa, -tää, the verb stem ending in -te- is used.

  kerrostaa → kerrosteinen

• Should not be confused with the diminutive suffix -nen in the standard language. The two suffixes are however etymologically identical and hence the distinction may not be observed in some dialects.
  • Colloquially and dialectally, -inen may lose its -i-. In the most common variants of colloquial Finnish, the -i- is elided if it is unstressed and immediately preceded by a vowel that is not e and is in the same syllable as -i- (i.e. part of a -Vi- diphthong). The dropping may be avoided if it would result in an unacceptable amount of ambiguity.
• -hinen was originally a distinct suffix, but has become confused with -inen, and most speakers do not recognize them as separate suffixes.

Declension

Inflection of -inen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation)
nominative		-inen	-iset
genitive		-isen	-isten -isien
partitive		-ista	-isia
illative		-iseen	-isiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-inen	-iset
accusative	nom.	-inen	-iset
	gen.	-isen
genitive		-isen	-isten -isien
partitive		-ista	-isia
inessive		-isessa	-isissa
elative		-isesta	-isista
illative		-iseen	-isiin
adessive		-isella	-isilla
ablative		-iselta	-isilta
allative		-iselle	-isille
essive		-isena	-isina
translative		-iseksi	-isiksi
abessive		-isetta	-isitta
instructive		—	-isin
comitative		—	-isine

Possessive forms of -inen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -iseni -iseni accusative nom. -iseni -iseni gen. -iseni genitive -iseni -isteni -isieni partitive -istani -isiani inessive -isessani -isissani elative -isestani -isistani illative -iseeni -isiini adessive -isellani -isillani ablative -iseltani -isiltani allative -iselleni -isilleni essive -isenani -isinani translative -isekseni -isikseni abessive -isettani -isittani instructive — — comitative — -isineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -isesi -isesi accusative nom. -isesi -isesi gen. -isesi genitive -isesi -istesi -isiesi partitive -istasi -isiasi inessive -isessasi -isissasi elative -isestasi -isistasi illative -iseesi -isiisi adessive -isellasi -isillasi ablative -iseltasi -isiltasi allative -isellesi -isillesi essive -isenasi -isinasi translative -iseksesi -isiksesi abessive -isettasi -isittasi instructive — — comitative — -isinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -isemme -isemme accusative nom. -isemme -isemme gen. -isemme genitive -isemme -istemme -isiemme partitive -istamme -isiamme inessive -isessamme -isissamme elative -isestamme -isistamme illative -iseemme -isiimme adessive -isellamme -isillamme ablative -iseltamme -isiltamme allative -isellemme -isillemme essive -isenamme -isinamme translative -iseksemme -isiksemme abessive -isettamme -isittamme instructive — — comitative — -isinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -isenne -isenne accusative nom. -isenne -isenne gen. -isenne genitive -isenne -istenne -isienne partitive -istanne -isianne inessive -isessanne -isissanne elative -isestanne -isistanne illative -iseenne -isiinne adessive -isellanne -isillanne ablative -iseltanne -isiltanne allative -isellenne -isillenne essive -isenanne -isinanne translative -iseksenne -isiksenne abessive -isettanne -isittanne instructive — — comitative — -isinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -isensa -isensa accusative nom. -isensa -isensa gen. -isensa genitive -isensa -istensa -isiensa partitive -istaan -istansa -isiaan -isiansa inessive -isessaan -isessansa -isissaan -isissansa elative -isestaan -isestansa -isistaan -isistansa illative -iseensa -isiinsa adessive -isellaan -isellansa -isillaan -isillansa ablative -iseltaan -iseltansa -isiltaan -isiltansa allative -iselleen -isellensa -isilleen -isillensa essive -isenaan -isenansa -isinaan -isinansa translative -isekseen -iseksensa -isikseen -isiksensa abessive -isettaan -isettansa -isittaan -isittansa instructive — — comitative — -isineen -isinensa

Inflection of -inen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation)
nominative		-inen	-iset
genitive		-isen	-isten -isien
partitive		-istä	-isiä
illative		-iseen	-isiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-inen	-iset
accusative	nom.	-inen	-iset
	gen.	-isen
genitive		-isen	-isten -isien
partitive		-istä	-isiä
inessive		-isessä	-isissä
elative		-isestä	-isistä
illative		-iseen	-isiin
adessive		-isellä	-isillä
ablative		-iseltä	-isiltä
allative		-iselle	-isille
essive		-isenä	-isinä
translative		-iseksi	-isiksi
abessive		-isettä	-isittä
instructive		—	-isin
comitative		—	-isine

Possessive forms of -inen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -iseni -iseni accusative nom. -iseni -iseni gen. -iseni genitive -iseni -isteni -isieni partitive -istäni -isiäni inessive -isessäni -isissäni elative -isestäni -isistäni illative -iseeni -isiini adessive -iselläni -isilläni ablative -iseltäni -isiltäni allative -iselleni -isilleni essive -isenäni -isinäni translative -isekseni -isikseni abessive -isettäni -isittäni instructive — — comitative — -isineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -isesi -isesi accusative nom. -isesi -isesi gen. -isesi genitive -isesi -istesi -isiesi partitive -istäsi -isiäsi inessive -isessäsi -isissäsi elative -isestäsi -isistäsi illative -iseesi -isiisi adessive -iselläsi -isilläsi ablative -iseltäsi -isiltäsi allative -isellesi -isillesi essive -isenäsi -isinäsi translative -iseksesi -isiksesi abessive -isettäsi -isittäsi instructive — — comitative — -isinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -isemme -isemme accusative nom. -isemme -isemme gen. -isemme genitive -isemme -istemme -isiemme partitive -istämme -isiämme inessive -isessämme -isissämme elative -isestämme -isistämme illative -iseemme -isiimme adessive -isellämme -isillämme ablative -iseltämme -isiltämme allative -isellemme -isillemme essive -isenämme -isinämme translative -iseksemme -isiksemme abessive -isettämme -isittämme instructive — — comitative — -isinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -isenne -isenne accusative nom. -isenne -isenne gen. -isenne genitive -isenne -istenne -isienne partitive -istänne -isiänne inessive -isessänne -isissänne elative -isestänne -isistänne illative -iseenne -isiinne adessive -isellänne -isillänne ablative -iseltänne -isiltänne allative -isellenne -isillenne essive -isenänne -isinänne translative -iseksenne -isiksenne abessive -isettänne -isittänne instructive — — comitative — -isinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -isensä -isensä accusative nom. -isensä -isensä gen. -isensä genitive -isensä -istensä -isiensä partitive -istään -istänsä -isiään -isiänsä inessive -isessään -isessänsä -isissään -isissänsä elative -isestään -isestänsä -isistään -isistänsä illative -iseensä -isiinsä adessive -isellään -isellänsä -isillään -isillänsä ablative -iseltään -iseltänsä -isiltään -isiltänsä allative -iselleen -isellensä -isilleen -isillensä essive -isenään -isenänsä -isinään -isinänsä translative -isekseen -iseksensä -isikseen -isiksensä abessive -isettään -isettänsä -isittään -isittänsä instructive — — comitative — -isineen -isinensä

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -inen

suffixes

• -hinen
• -iainen
• -istaa
• -kainen
• -lainen
• -llinen
• -mainen
• -minen
• -nainen
• -nnainen
• -oinen
• -tuinen
• -uainen

 

Anagrams

• Enni, enin