borzong
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Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From an onomatopoeic stem + -ong (frequentative verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
borzong
- (intransitive) to shiver (with cold/fear/fever: -tól/-től)
- Synonyms: remeg, didereg, reszket, vacog, rázza a hideg, a hideg leli, vacog a foga
- Borzongott a hidegtől. ― S/he was shivering with cold.
- (intransitive) to abhor, to shudder (with fear or horror: -tól/-től)
- Synonyms: irtózik, iszonyodik, borzad, viszolyog
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of borzong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | borzongok | borzongasz | borzong | borzongunk | borzongotok or borzongtok |
borzonganak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | borzongtam | borzongtál | borzongott | borzongtunk | borzongtatok | borzongtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. borzongani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | borzongék | borzongál | borzonga | borzongánk | borzongátok | borzongának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. borzong vala, borzongott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | borzongandok | borzongandasz | borzongand | borzongandunk | borzongandotok | borzongandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | borzonganék | borzonganál | borzongana | borzonganánk | borzonganátok | borzonganának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. borzongott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | borzongjak | borzongj or borzongjál |
borzongjon | borzongjunk | borzongjatok | borzongjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. borzongott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | borzongani | borzonganom | borzonganod | borzongania | borzonganunk | borzonganotok | borzonganiuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| borzongás | borzongó | borzongott | ― | borzongva (borzongván) | |||||
potential conjugation of borzong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | borzonghatok | borzonghatsz | borzonghat | borzonghatunk | borzonghattok | borzonghatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | borzonghattam | borzonghattál | borzonghatott | borzonghattunk | borzonghattatok | borzonghattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | borzonghaték | borzonghatál | borzonghata | borzonghatánk | borzonghatátok | borzonghatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. borzonghat vala, borzonghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | borzonghatandok or borzongandhatok |
borzonghatandasz or borzongandhatsz |
borzonghatand or borzongandhat |
borzonghatandunk or borzongandhatunk |
borzonghatandotok or borzongandhattok |
borzonghatandanak or borzongandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | borzonghatnék | borzonghatnál | borzonghatna | borzonghatnánk | borzonghatnátok | borzonghatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. borzonghatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | borzonghassak | borzonghass or borzonghassál |
borzonghasson | borzonghassunk | borzonghassatok | borzonghassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. borzonghatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (borzonghatni) | (borzonghatnom) | (borzonghatnod) | (borzonghatnia) | (borzonghatnunk) | (borzonghatnotok) | (borzonghatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (borzonghatva / borzonghatván) | ||||
or
conjugation of borzong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | borzongok | borzongsz | borzong | borzongunk | borzongtok | borzongnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | borzongtam | borzongtál | borzongott | borzongtunk | borzongtatok | borzongtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. borzongni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | borzongék | borzongál | borzonga | borzongánk | borzongátok | borzongának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. borzong vala, borzongott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | borzongandok | borzongandasz | borzongand | borzongandunk | borzongandotok | borzongandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | borzongnék | borzongnál | borzongna | borzongnánk | borzongnátok | borzongnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. borzongott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | borzongjak | borzongj or borzongjál |
borzongjon | borzongjunk | borzongjatok | borzongjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. borzongott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | borzongni | borzongnom | borzongnod | borzongnia | borzongnunk | borzongnotok | borzongniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| borzongás | borzongó | borzongott | ― | borzongva (borzongván) | |||||
potential conjugation of borzong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | borzonghatok | borzonghatsz | borzonghat | borzonghatunk | borzonghattok | borzonghatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | borzonghattam | borzonghattál | borzonghatott | borzonghattunk | borzonghattatok | borzonghattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | borzonghaték | borzonghatál | borzonghata | borzonghatánk | borzonghatátok | borzonghatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. borzonghat vala, borzonghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | borzonghatandok or borzongandhatok |
borzonghatandasz or borzongandhatsz |
borzonghatand or borzongandhat |
borzonghatandunk or borzongandhatunk |
borzonghatandotok or borzongandhattok |
borzonghatandanak or borzongandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | borzonghatnék | borzonghatnál | borzonghatna | borzonghatnánk | borzonghatnátok | borzonghatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. borzonghatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | borzonghassak | borzonghass or borzonghassál |
borzonghasson | borzonghassunk | borzonghassatok | borzonghassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. borzonghatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (borzonghatni) | (borzonghatnom) | (borzonghatnod) | (borzonghatnia) | (borzonghatnunk) | (borzonghatnotok) | (borzonghatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (borzonghatva / borzonghatván) | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
(With verbal prefixes):
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ borzong in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading[edit]
- borzong in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- borzong in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)