Latvian [edit]
Galva on Latvian Wikipedia
Wikipedia lv
Etymology [edit]
From Proto-Baltic *galwā-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol- (“spike, tip, peak”) (whence also Latvian gals (“end”)) with an extra suffix *-wā. The meaning evolution was probably “spike, peak” > “top part” > “head.” A few researchers have suggested other Proto-Indo-European stems (*ghel- (“stone”), or *gol- (“naked”)). Cognates include Lithuanian galvà, Old Prussian gallū (from *galvū from *galva), galwo (“head of boot”), Sudovian kałfa (from *galva), Proto-Slavic *golva (Russian голова (golová), Ukrainian голова (holová), Belarusian галава (halavá), dialectal голаў (holaŭ), Bulgarian глава (glavá), Czech hlava, Polish głowa), Hittite ... (ḫalanta) (where ḫ comes from a guttural), perhaps Old Armenian գլուխ (glux).[1]
Pronunciation [edit]
galva f, 4th declension
- (anatomy) head (top or front of the body, where the brain is located)
- cilvēka, suņa, čūskas galva — a human, dog's, snake's head
- galvas muskuļi — head muscles
- pagriezt galvu — to turn one's head
- pamāt ar galvu — to nod one's head
- saņemt galvu rokās — to take one's head in one's hands
- purināt, kratīt galvu — to shake one's head
- galva sāp — the head hurts
- galvas tabletes — head(ache) tablets, pills
- (anatomy) hair, feathers (on the head)
- sirma galva — gray hair
- mazgāt galvu — to wash one's hair
- sukāt, ķemmēt galvu — to brush, to comb one's hair
- galva balta kā ābele — hair as white as an apple tree
- on, or around, the head (1)
- likt cepuri galvā — to put a hat on one's head
- siet lakatu galvā — to tie a scarf around one's head
- life
- riskēt ar savu galvu — to gamble with one's head (= life)
- mind, intelligence, understanding, memory
- gaiša, gudra galva — bright, smart head
- cilvēks ar galvu — a person with head (= wise, intelligent)
- zināt no galvas — to know (something) from the head (= by heart)
- rēķināt galvā — to calculate in one's head
- paturēt skaidru galvu — to keep a clear head (= remain calm)
- top (especially round) part of an object
- naglas, skrūves galva — the head of a nail, a screw
- āmura, cirvja galva — the head of a hammer, an axe
- authoritative person, boss, leader
- valdības galva — the head of the government
- ģimenes galva — the head of the family
- a person or animal as a counting unit
- septiņu galvu liela ģimene — a family with seven heads (= members)
Declension [edit]
Derived terms [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns. 1992, 2001. Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca. Rīga: AVOTS. ISBN 9984700127.
Lithuanian [edit]
Wikipedia lt
Etymology [edit]
Common Balto-Slavic, cognate with Proto-Slavic *golva, Latvian galva, Old Prussian gallū.
galvà f (plural galvos) stress pattern 3
- head (part of the body)
Declension [edit]
