garša
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Latvian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From an old verb *gart (“to heat, to grow hot”) ( > “to steam”; cf. garot (“to steam”)), from the same stem as gars (“spirit; vapor, steam”) and gards (“delicious”) (q.v.), with an extra suffix -tya: *gar-tya- > garša.
The original meaning was probably “steaming, steam,” from which “sharp, pungent smell, (smoke) stink” (a meaning still attested in the 1870's) > “sharp, hot taste” > “taste (in general).” Only by the end of the 19th century was this word's meaning restricted to “taste” alone. (A minority opinion suggests that garša is actually derived from gards (“delicious”), with an unexpected š instead of the regular ž (< *d) because of the influence of the variant smarša of smarža (“smell, odor”).)[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
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Noun[edit]
garša f (4th declension)
- (sense) taste (the capacity to perceive flavors)
- garšas nervi ― taste, gustatory nerves
- par abinieku ožu, tāpat kā par to garšu, nav vēl īstas skaidrības ― about the (senses of) smell and taste of amphibians, there is no real explanation (i.e., little is known) yet
- taste, flavor (the sensation created by certain substances in the mouth: salty, bitter, sweet, acid)
- salda, rūgta garša ― sweet, bitter taste
- patīkama garša ― pleasant taste
- maizes, medus garša ― bread, honey taste
- sajust nelabu garšu mutē ― to feel a bad taste in the mouth
- ēst ar garšu ― to eat with pleasure (lit. with taste)
- viela bez smakas un bez garšas ― a substance without smell and without taste
- pēc sēklas garšas atšķir saldās un rūgtās mandeles ― by the taste of the seeds one distinguishes the sweet from the bitter almonds
- jaunas garšas meklējot ― on the quest for new flavors
- (dated, nowadays mostly gaume, q.v.) taste (aesthetic and cultural discernment, the sense of what is aesthetically or culturally better)
- viņš bija cilvēks pēc Hildegardis kundzes garšas ― he was a person by (= who pleased) Mrs Hildegards' taste
Declension[edit]
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Declension of garša (4th declension)
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “garša”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN