hurtelen

Middle English

Alternative forms

• hurcle, hurkle, hurtel, hurtelyn, hurtle, hurtlen

Etymology

From hurten +‎ -elen; compare hurlen. For forms with /k/, compare dialectal modern English turkle (“turtle”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhurt(ə)lən/, /ˈhurk(ə)lən/

Verb

hurtelen (third-person singular simple present hurteleth, present participle hurtelende, hurtelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hurteled)

1. To trip or fall over; to make a misstep.
   • [1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxi, recto:

     O fyrſt mouyng cruel firmament / Wyth thy diurnal ſwegh, that croudeſt aye / And hurtleſte al fro Eſt to Occident / That naturally wolde holde another way

     O first moving cruel firmament / With thy diurnal sway that crowdest aye [always] / And hurtles all from East to Occident / That naturally would hold another way]

2. To smash or fall together; to undergo collision.
3. To throw or shove; to apply force to:
   • [1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight’s Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Charles Cowden Clarke, editor, The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: James Nichol; London: James Nisbet & Co.; Dublin: W. Robertson, 1860, →OCLC, page 81, lines 2617–2618:

     He foineth on his foe with a trunchoun, / And he him hurtleth with his horse adown.

     He foineth [thrust] on his foe with a truncheon, / And he him hurtleth with his horse adown.]

   1. To charge or run towards; to come at.
   2. To clash or fight; to enter into combat with.
   3. To strike or knock down; to cause to fall.

Conjugation

Conjugation of hurtelen (weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) hurtelen, hurtle
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	hurtele	hurteled
2nd-person singular	hurtelest	hurteledest
3rd-person singular	hurteleth	hurteled
subjunctive singular	hurtele
imperative singular		—
plural1	hurtelen, hurtele	hurteleden, hurtelede
imperative plural	hurteleth, hurtele	—
participles	hurtelynge, hurtelende	hurteled, yhurteled

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: hurtle

References

• “hurtelen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.