tojik

Hungarian

Etymology

Of debated origin:

1. Borrowed from a Turkic language.
2. From Proto-Uralic *toxe-, with the suffix -ik. Cognate with Proto-Finnic *toodak, Erzya туемс (tujems).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtojik]
• Hyphenation: to‧jik
• Rhymes: -ojik

Verb

tojik

1. (transitive, intransitive) to lay (eggs)

Usage notes

This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.

Conjugation

conjugation of tojik

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	tojok	tojsz	tojik	tojunk	tojtok	tojnak
		Def.	tojom	tojod	tojja	tojjuk	tojjátok	tojják
		2nd-p. o.	tojlak	―
	Past	Indef.	tojtam	tojtál	tojt	tojtunk	tojtatok	tojtak
		Def.	tojtam	tojtad	tojta	tojtuk	tojtátok	tojták
		2nd-p. o.	tojtalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. tojni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	tojék	tojál	toja	tojánk	tojátok	tojának
		Def.	tojám	tojád	tojá	tojánk	tojátok	toják
		2nd-p. o.	tojálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tojik vala, tojt vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	tojandok	tojandasz	tojand	tojandunk	tojandotok	tojandanak
		Def.	tojandom	tojandod	tojandja	tojandjuk	tojandjátok	tojandják
		2nd-p. o.	tojandalak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	tojnék	tojnál	tojna	tojnánk	tojnátok	tojnának
		Def.	tojnám	tojnád	tojná	tojnánk (or tojnók)	tojnátok	tojnák
		2nd-p. o.	tojnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tojt volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	tojjak	tojj or tojjál	tojjon	tojjunk	tojjatok	tojjanak
		Def.	tojjam	tojd or tojjad	tojja	tojjuk	tojjátok	tojják
		2nd-p. o.	tojjalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tojt légyen
Infinitive	tojni		tojnom	tojnod	tojnia	tojnunk	tojnotok	tojniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	tojás		tojó	tojt	tojandó	tojva (tojván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of tojik

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	tojhatok	tojhatsz	tojhat	tojhatunk	tojhattok	tojhatnak
		Def.	tojhatom	tojhatod	tojhatja	tojhatjuk	tojhatjátok	tojhatják
		2nd-p. o.	tojhatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	tojhattam	tojhattál	tojhatott	tojhattunk	tojhattatok	tojhattak
		Def.	tojhattam	tojhattad	tojhatta	tojhattuk	tojhattátok	tojhatták
		2nd-p. o.	tojhattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	tojhaték	tojhatál	tojhata	tojhatánk	tojhatátok	tojhatának
		Def.	tojhatám	tojhatád	tojhatá	tojhatánk	tojhatátok	tojhaták
		2nd-p. o.	tojhatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. tojhat vala, tojhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	tojhatandok or tojandhatok	tojhatandasz or tojandhatsz	tojhatand or tojandhat	tojhatandunk or tojandhatunk	tojhatandotok or tojandhattok	tojhatandanak or tojandhatnak
		Def.	tojhatandom or tojandhatom	tojhatandod or tojandhatod	tojhatandja or tojandhatja	tojhatandjuk or tojandhatjuk	tojhatandjátok or tojandhatjátok	tojhatandják or tojandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	tojhatandalak or tojandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	tojhatnék	tojhatnál	tojhatna	tojhatnánk	tojhatnátok	tojhatnának
		Def.	tojhatnám	tojhatnád	tojhatná	tojhatnánk (or tojhatnók)	tojhatnátok	tojhatnák
		2nd-p. o.	tojhatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tojhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	tojhassak	tojhass or tojhassál	tojhasson	tojhassunk	tojhassatok	tojhassanak
		Def.	tojhassam	tojhasd or tojhassad	tojhassa	tojhassuk	tojhassátok	tojhassák
		2nd-p. o.	tojhassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tojhatott légyen
Inf.	(tojhatni)		(tojhatnom)	(tojhatnod)	(tojhatnia)	(tojhatnunk)	(tojhatnotok)	(tojhatniuk)
Positive adjective			tojható	Neg. adj.	tojhatatlan	Adv. part.	(tojhatva / tojhatván)

Derived terms

• tojás
• tojásdad
• tojó

 

(With verbal prefixes):

• betojik

Further reading

• tojik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Uzbek

Noun

tojik (plural tojiklar)

1. Tajik

Derived terms

• tojikcha