viol

English

A man holding a viol

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French viole, from Old French viol, from Old Occitan viola (modern Occitan viula), from Medieval Latin vitula (“stringed instrument”). Doublet of viola.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvaɪ.əl/
• Rhymes: -aɪəl
• Homophones: vial, vile

Noun

viol (plural viols)

1. (music) A stringed instrument related to the violin family, but held in the lap between the legs like a cello, usually with C-holes, a flat back, a fretted neck and six strings, played with an underhanded bow hold

   Synonyms: viola d'amore, viola da gamba, (informal) gamba

   Hypernym: stringed instrument

   Hyponyms: Baryton trios, chest of viols, division viol, lyra viol, pardessus de viole, triple contrabass viol, viola bastarde, violone

   • 1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 30:

     He sayd that y^e ground opened, and he was brought into strange places underground, where they used musicall Instruments, violls, and Lutes, such (he sayd) as Mr. Thomas did play on.

2. (nautical) A large rope used to manipulate the anchor

Derived terms

• division viol
• viol block

 

Translations

stringed instrument

• Catalan: viola de gamba (ca) f
• Danish: viola da gamba c
• Dutch: viola da gamba (nl)
• Finnish: viola da gamba (fi)
• French: viole de gambe (fr) f
• Georgian: ვიოლა (viola), ალტი (alṭi)
• German: Gambe (de) f, Viola da Gamba (de) f, Kniegeige (de) f
• Hungarian: viola da gamba, gamba (hu)
• Irish: vióla da gamba f
• Portuguese: viola da gamba f
• Russian: вио́ла (ru) f (vióla)

References

• 2010. Stradivari. Stewart Pollens. Pg. 143.

Verb

viol (third-person singular simple present viols, present participle violing, simple past and past participle violed)

1. To play the viol.
   • 1828 May 15, [Walter Scott], Chronicles of the Canongate. Second Series. […] (The Fair Maid of Perth), volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Co.] for Cadell and Co.; London: Simpkin and Marshall, →OCLC:

     “Keep your gold for those who lack it, mistress,” said Henry, “and do not offer to honest hands the money that is won by violing, and tabouring, and toetripping, and perhaps worse pastimes.

   • 1914, Thomas Hardy, Seen by the Waits:

     Through snowy woods and shady / We went to play a tune / To the lonely manor-lady / By the light of the Christmas moon. / We violed till, upward glancing / To where a mirror leaned, / It showed her airily dancing […]

Derived terms

Derived terms

• bass viol
• division viol
• lyra viol
• violist

French

Etymology

From Latin violō (“to violate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vjɔl/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

viol m (plural viols)

1. a rape

Derived terms

• viol collectif
• viol conjugal
• viol en réunion

 

Related terms

• violence
• violer

Further reading

• “viol”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Norman

Etymology

From Latin violō (“to violate”).

Noun

viol m (plural viols)

1. (Jersey) rape

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French viol.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /viˈol/

Noun

viol n (plural violuri)

1. rape, violation

   Synonyms: batjocorire, necinstire, siluire, violare

Declension

Declension of viol

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) viol	violul	(niște) violuri	violurile
genitive/dative	(unui) viol	violului	(unor) violuri	violurilor
vocative	violule		violurilor

Related terms

• a viola
• a răpi

Swedish

Alternative forms

• feijel, phiol, fijol, fiohl, fiool, fiola, fiole, fiåll, fijoll, wiol, vijol, viool (16th century spellings)

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin viola. Compare Norwegian Nynorsk fiol.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɪˈuːl/

Noun

viol c

1. violet (the flower)
   • 1990, Sven-Ingvars, David Alexandre Winter (lyrics and music), “Sommar och sol [Summer and sun]”:

     Sommar, sommar och sol. Havet och vinden, och doft av kaprifol. Sommar, sommar och sol. En himmel så blå som viol.

     Summer, summer and sun. The sea and the wind, and scent of honeysuckle. Summer, summer and sun. A sky as blue as violet.

Declension

Declension of viol
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	viol	violen	violer	violerna
Genitive	viols	violens	violers	violernas

References

• viol in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• viol in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• viol in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• oliv