偈

偈 U+5048, 偈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5048 ← 假 [U+5047] CJK Unified Ideographs 偉 → [U+5049]

Translingual

Han character

偈 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人日心女 (OAPV), four-corner 2622₇, composition ⿰亻曷)

1. brave
2. martial
3. hasty
4. scudding

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 110, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 836
• Dae Jaweon: page 234, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 191, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5048

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愒	*kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	*qaːds, *qaːd
餲	*qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝	*qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	*kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈	*ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲	*kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	*klaːd, *rab
渴	*kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	*qʰaːd, *qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	*ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	*kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	*kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	*ɡrad, *ɡad
碣	*ɡrad, *ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Etymology 1

trad.		偈
simp. #		偈

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gai^6-2 / gai⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gai^5*

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khì

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gai^6-2 / gai⁶
    • Yale: gái / gaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gai^6-2 / gai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gei^6-2 / gei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/, /kɐi̯²²/

Note:

• gai6-2 - vernacular (all senses);
• gai6 - literary (reserved for Buddhist senses).

• (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  • Wiktionary: gai^5*
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai³²⁻³²⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
    • Tâi-lô: khì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: gjejH

Rime
Character	偈
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	祭 (37)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其憩切
Baxter	gjejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiajH/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛiH/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrads/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偈
Reading #	1/2
No.	5018
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	偈
Old Chinese	/*ɡrads/
Notes	梵譯ɡātha

Definitions

偈

1. (Buddhism) Short for 偈陀 (jìtuó, “gatha”).
2. (Cantonese) talk; chat; conversation

Compounds

• 佛偈 (fójì)
• 偈子
• 偈文 (jìwén)
• 偈言
• 偈頌／偈颂 (jìsòng)
• 傾偈／倾偈 (king1 gai6-2)
• 傾閒偈／倾闲偈
• 啱偈
• 密偈
• 話事偈／话事偈
• 閒偈／闲偈

 

Etymology 2

trad.		偈
simp. #		偈
alternative forms		𢎔

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jié (jie²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): git⁶
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): geh⁷
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat / kia̍t

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jié
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jié
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²
    • Yale: jyé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: git⁶
    • Yale: giht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: git⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gid⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: geh⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: geh⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat / kia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: kiat / kia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiad, kiat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²/, /kiɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵/, /kiɛt̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²/, /kiɛt̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²/, /kiɛt̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²/, /kiɛt̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: gjet

Rime
Character	偈
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	薛 (83)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠列切
Baxter	gjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/giat̚/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrad/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偈
Reading #	2/2
No.	5056
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	傑
Old Chinese	/*ɡrad/

Definitions

偈

1. (literary) fast
2. (literary) brave

Etymology 3

trad.		偈
simp. #		偈

Borrowed from English gear.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gai²

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gai²
    • Yale: gái
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gei²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐi̯³⁵/

Definitions

偈 (Cantonese)

1. engine (Classifier: 副 c)
2. (figurative) body; health (Classifier: 副 c)
3. (figurative) body; figure; build (Classifier: 副 c)

Synonyms

• (engine):

edit

• engine (Cantonese)
• 動力機／动力机 (dònglìjī)
• 引擎 (yǐnqíng)
• 摩打 (mo¹ daa²) (Cantonese)
• 摩托
• 發動機／发动机 (fādòngjī)
• 馬達／马达 (mǎdá)

 

Compounds

• 偈油
• 大偈
• 爆偈

 

Etymology 4

trad.		偈
simp. #		偈
alternative forms		𢎔

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jié (jie²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jié
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jié
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²
    • Yale: jyé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

Definitions

偈

1. Only used in 偈偈.

Etymology 5

trad.		偈
simp. #		偈

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qì (qi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cì
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
    • Yale: chì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

Definitions

偈

1. ^† Alternative form of 憩 (qì, “to rest”)

References

• “偈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “偈”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 101.

Japanese

Kanji

偈

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)、げち (gechi)
• Kan-on: けい (kei)、けつ (ketsu)
• Kun: いこう (ikou, 偈う)

Korean

Hanja

偈 • (ge, geol) (hangeul 게, 걸, revised ge, geol, McCune–Reischauer ke, kŏl)

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Vietnamese

Han character

偈: Hán Nôm readings: kệ

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