échapper
French
Etymology
From Middle French eschapper, from Old French eschaper, escaper, from Vulgar Latin *excappāre or *excapāre, present active infinitives of *excappo, *excapo, from ex- (“out”) + Late Latin cappa (“cape, coat”).
Pronunciation
Verb
échapper
- (intransitive, followed by à or de) to escape (from), evade
- échapper à la mort ― to escape death
- échapper des mains de quelqu’un ― to slip out of someone's hands
- (Quebec, transitive) to drop an object unintentionally
- Tu as échappé ta tuque. ― You dropped your hat.
- (reflexive, s'échapper followed by de) to escape, break out (e.g., from prison)
- (reflexive, s'échapper) to go away, run away
Conjugation
Conjugation of échapper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | échapper | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | échappant /e.ʃa.pɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | échappé /e.ʃa.pe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | échappe /e.ʃap/ |
échappes /e.ʃap/ |
échappe /e.ʃap/ |
échappons /e.ʃa.pɔ̃/ |
échappez /e.ʃa.pe/ |
échappent /e.ʃap/ |
imperfect | échappais /e.ʃa.pɛ/ |
échappais /e.ʃa.pɛ/ |
échappait /e.ʃa.pɛ/ |
échappions /e.ʃa.pjɔ̃/ |
échappiez /e.ʃa.pje/ |
échappaient /e.ʃa.pɛ/ | |
past historic2 | échappai /e.ʃa.pe/ |
échappas /e.ʃa.pa/ |
échappa /e.ʃa.pa/ |
échappâmes /e.ʃa.pam/ |
échappâtes /e.ʃa.pat/ |
échappèrent /e.ʃa.pɛʁ/ | |
future | échapperai /e.ʃa.pʁe/ |
échapperas /e.ʃa.pʁa/ |
échappera /e.ʃa.pʁa/ |
échapperons /e.ʃa.pʁɔ̃/ |
échapperez /e.ʃa.pʁe/ |
échapperont /e.ʃa.pʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | échapperais /e.ʃa.pʁɛ/ |
échapperais /e.ʃa.pʁɛ/ |
échapperait /e.ʃa.pʁɛ/ |
échapperions /e.ʃa.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
échapperiez /e.ʃa.pə.ʁje/ |
échapperaient /e.ʃa.pʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | échappe /e.ʃap/ |
échappes /e.ʃap/ |
échappe /e.ʃap/ |
échappions /e.ʃa.pjɔ̃/ |
échappiez /e.ʃa.pje/ |
échappent /e.ʃap/ |
imperfect2 | échappasse /e.ʃa.pas/ |
échappasses /e.ʃa.pas/ |
échappât /e.ʃa.pa/ |
échappassions /e.ʃa.pa.sjɔ̃/ |
échappassiez /e.ʃa.pa.sje/ |
échappassent /e.ʃa.pas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | échappe /e.ʃap/ |
— | échappons /e.ʃa.pɔ̃/ |
échappez /e.ʃa.pe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
Further reading
- “échapper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Categories:
- French terms inherited from Middle French
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