λόφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Probably from the same Indo-European source as Tocharian A lap (“head”) and Proto-Slavic *lъbъ (“skull”).

In 1819, Rees thought it to be akin to Old English hlifian (“to raise up, tower, stand out”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ló.pʰos/ → /ˈlo.ɸos/ → /ˈlo.fos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ló.pʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.pʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.ɸos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.fos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.fos/

Noun

λόφος • (lóphos) m (genitive λόφου); second declension

1. the back of the neck, the withers (of a horse), the nape (of a person)
2. the crest (of a hill), a ridge
3. the crest (of a helmet)
4. (after Homer) the crest or tuft on the head of a bird; comb (of flesh)
5. a tuft of hair (upon the crown of a person)
6. synonym of λοφιά (lophiá)

Declension

Second declension of ὁ λόφος; τοῦ λόφου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ λόφος ho lóphos	τὼ λόφω tṑ lóphō	οἱ λόφοι hoi lóphoi
Genitive	τοῦ λόφου toû lóphou	τοῖν λόφοιν toîn lóphoin	τῶν λόφων tôn lóphōn
Dative	τῷ λόφῳ tōî lóphōi	τοῖν λόφοιν toîn lóphoin	τοῖς λόφοις toîs lóphois
Accusative	τὸν λόφον tòn lóphon	τὼ λόφω tṑ lóphō	τοὺς λόφους toùs lóphous
Vocative	λόφε lóphe	λόφω lóphō	λόφοι lóphoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Χῖος λόφος (Khîos lóphos)
• ἑπταλόφος (heptalóphos)

Descendants

• Greek: λόφος (lófos)
• ⇒ Translingual: Sorolopha, Cephalophus

Further reading

• “λόφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• λόφος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• λόφος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek λόφος (lóphos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlo.fos/
• Hyphenation: λό‧φος

Noun

λόφος • (lófos) m (plural λόφοι)

1. hill

Declension

Declension of λόφος

	singular	plural
nominative	λόφος (lófos)	λόφοι (lófoi)
genitive	λόφου (lófou)	λόφων (lófon)
accusative	λόφο (lófo)	λόφους (lófous)
vocative	λόφε (lófe)	λόφοι (lófoi)

Synonyms

• ύψωμα n (ýpsoma)

Derived terms

• λοφάκι n (lofáki, “hillock”)
• λοφίσκος m (lofískos, “hillock”)