πάθος

See also: παθός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From παθ- (path-), zero-grade of the root of πᾰ́σχω (pắskhō, “to feel; to suffer”). Compare the aorist ἔπαθον (épathon). Related to πένθος (pénthos), in the same way as βάθος (báthos) is related to βένθος (bénthos).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pá.tʰos/ → /ˈpa.θos/ → /ˈpa.θos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pá.tʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.tʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.θos/
• (10^th CE Medieval) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.θos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.θos/

Noun

πᾰ́θος • (pắthos) n (genitive πᾰ́θους or πᾰ́θεος); third declension

1. pain, suffering, death
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 177:

     πάθει μάθος

     páthei máthos

     learning through suffering

2. misfortune, calamity, disaster, misery
3. disease
4. any strong feeling, passion, emotion
5. condition, state
6. incident
7. modification of words

Declension

Third declension of τὸ πᾰ́θος; τοῦ πᾰ́θους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πᾰ́θος tò pắthos	τὼ πᾰ́θει tṑ pắthei	τᾰ̀ πᾰ́θη tằ pắthē
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰ́θους toû pắthous	τοῖν πᾰθοῖν toîn păthoîn	τῶν πᾰθῶν tôn păthôn
Dative	τῷ πᾰ́θει tōî pắthei	τοῖν πᾰθοῖν toîn păthoîn	τοῖς πᾰ́θεσῐ / πᾰ́θεσῐν toîs pắthesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ πᾰ́θος tò pắthos	τὼ πᾰ́θει tṑ pắthei	τᾰ̀ πᾰ́θη tằ pắthē
Vocative	πᾰ́θος pắthos	πᾰ́θει pắthei	πᾰ́θη pắthē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ πᾰ́θος; τοῦ πᾰ́θους (Old Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πᾰ́θος tò pắthos	τὼ πᾰ́θει tṑ pắthei	τᾰ̀ πᾰ́θη tằ pắthē
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰ́θους toû pắthous	τοῖν πᾰθοῖν toîn păthoîn	τῶν πᾰθῶν tôn păthôn
Dative	τῷ πᾰ́θει tōî pắthei	τοῖν πᾰθοῖν toîn păthoîn	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν πᾰ́θεσῐ / πᾰ́θεσῐν toîsĭ(n) pắthesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ πᾰ́θος tò pắthos	τὼ πᾰ́θει tṑ pắthei	τᾰ̀ πᾰ́θη tằ pắthē
Vocative	πᾰ́θος pắthos	πᾰ́θει pắthei	πᾰ́θη pắthē
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of τὸ πᾰ́θος; τοῦ πᾰ́θεος / πᾰ́θευς (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πᾰ́θος tò pắthos	τὼ πᾰ́θεε / πᾰ́θει tṑ pắthee / pắthei	τᾰ̀ πᾰ́θεᾰ tằ pắtheă
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰ́θεος / πᾰ́θευς toû pắtheos / pắtheus	τοῖν πᾰθέοιν toîn păthéoin	τῶν πᾰθέων tôn păthéōn
Dative	τῷ πᾰ́θεῐ̈ / πᾰ́θει tōî pắtheĭ̈ / pắthei	τοῖν πᾰθέοιν toîn păthéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν πᾰ́θεσῐ / πᾰ́θεσῐν toîsĭ(n) pắthesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ πᾰ́θος tò pắthos	τὼ πᾰ́θεε / πᾰ́θει tṑ pắthee / pắthei	τᾰ̀ πᾰ́θεᾰ tằ pắtheă
Vocative	πᾰ́θος pắthos	πᾰ́θεε / πᾰ́θει pắthee / pắthei	πᾰ́θεᾰ pắtheă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἀντῐπᾰθής (antĭpăthḗs)
• προσπᾰθής (prospăthḗs)
• σῠμπᾰθής (sŭmpăthḗs)

Descendants

• → English: pathos
• → French: pathos
• Greek: πάθος (páthos)
• → Russian: па́фос (páfos)
• → Ukrainian: па́тос (pátos), па́фос (páfos)

Further reading

• “πάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πάθος” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πάθος in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache‎^[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
• “πάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G3806 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • adventure idem, page 14.
  • adversity idem, page 15.
  • affection idem, page 16.
  • calamity idem, page 108.
  • casualty idem, page 117.
  • catastrophe idem, page 118.
  • check idem, page 128.
  • condition idem, page 157.
  • disaster idem, page 228.
  • emotion idem, page 268.
  • evil idem, page 286.
  • fatality idem, page 309.
  • fate idem, page 309.
  • feeling idem, page 313.
  • ill idem, page 414.
  • incident idem, page 428.
  • mischance idem, page 533.
  • misfortune idem, page 534.
  • occurrence idem, page 569.
  • passion idem, page 597.
  • pathos idem, page 598.
  • phase idem, page 610.
  • phenomenon idem, page 610.
  • property idem, page 653.
  • quality idem, page 663.
  • sensation idem, page 752.
  • sensibility idem, page 753.
  • state idem, page 812.
  • tragedy idem, page 886.
  • unhappiness idem, page 920.
  • woe idem, page 986.
• πάθος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.θo̞s/
• Hyphenation: πά‧θος

Noun

πάθος • (páthos) n (plural πάθη)

1. pathos
2. empathy
3. disease, misfortune, suffering, loss, grief
4. passion, affection
5. animosity
6. grudge
7. occurrence, accident

Declension

Declension of πάθος

	singular	plural
nominative	πάθος (páthos)	πάθη (páthi)
genitive	πάθους (páthous)	παθών (pathón)
accusative	πάθος (páthos)	πάθη (páthi)
vocative	πάθος (páthos)	πάθη (páthi)

Derived terms

• παθαίνω (pathaíno, “to suffer”)
• -πάθεια f (-pátheia, “disease suffix”)
• πάθημα n (páthima, “misfortune, mishap”)
• παθητική (pathitikí)
• παθητικός (pathitikós, “passive”, adjective)
• παθιάζομαι (pathiázomai, “to become passionate”)
• παθιάζω (pathiázo)
• παθιασμένος (pathiasménos, “impassioned”)
• πάσχω (páscho, “to suffer from”)