τύρβη

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• σύρβη (súrbē)

Etymology

Disputed. Though traditionally connected to the Germanic terms *staurijan (“to disturb, harm”), *sturiz (“turmoil, confusion, noise”), *sturmaz (“storm”) and *sturjan (“to be/put in motion, stir”) via a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European root *(s)twerH-, according to Beekes the variation within Greek in fact points to a Pre-Greek origin. A formal connection with Latin turba (“confusion; troop”) and turma (“troop, squadron”) is also difficult; the former might be a loanword from Greek.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /týr.bɛː/ → /ˈtyr.βi/ → /ˈtir.vi/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /týr.bɛː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtyr.be̝/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtyr.βi/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtyr.vi/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtir.vi/

Noun

τῠ́ρβη • (túrbē) f (genitive τῠ́ρβης); first declension

1. disorder, confusion, tumult
2. (figuratively) poetic rout, revelry

Inflection

First declension of ἡ τῠ́ρβη; τῆς τῠ́ρβης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ τῠ́ρβη hē túrbē	τὼ τῠ́ρβᾱ tṑ túrbā	αἱ τῠ́ρβαι hai túrbai
Genitive	τῆς τῠ́ρβης tês túrbēs	τοῖν τῠ́ρβαιν toîn túrbain	τῶν τῠρβῶν tôn turbôn
Dative	τῇ τῠ́ρβῃ têi túrbēi	τοῖν τῠ́ρβαιν toîn túrbain	ταῖς τῠ́ρβαις taîs túrbais
Accusative	τὴν τῠ́ρβην tḕn túrbēn	τὼ τῠ́ρβᾱ tṑ túrbā	τᾱ̀ς τῠ́ρβᾱς tā̀s túrbās
Vocative	τῠ́ρβη túrbē	τῠ́ρβᾱ túrbā	τῠ́ρβαι túrbai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• τύρβα (túrba)
• τυρβάζω (turbázō)
• τυρβασία (turbasía)
• τύρβασμα (túrbasma)

 

Descendants

• → Latin: turba

Further reading

• “τύρβη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τύρβη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• τύρβη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN