turba

See also: turbá

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin turba.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈtur.bə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈtuɾ.ba]

Noun

turba f (plural turbes)

1. crowd

Further reading

• “turba”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Estonian

Noun

turba

1. genitive singular of turvas

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtuɾβɐ]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French tourbe, from Proto-Germanic *turbz.

Noun

turba f (plural turbas)

1. peat

Derived terms

• turbeira

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin turba.

Noun

turba f (plural turbas)

1. (literary) mob

Related terms

• perturbar
• turbar

References

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “turba”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “turba”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “turba”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “turba”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /túɽ.bàː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [tɪ́ɽ.bàː]

Noun

turbā̀ f (possessed form turbàr̃)

1. path, track, lane

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtur.ba/
• Rhymes: -urba
• Hyphenation: tùr‧ba

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

turba

1. inflection of turbare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology 2

From Latin turba.

Noun

turba f (plural turbe)

1. crowd, throng
2. mob

Anagrams

• bruta

Latin

Etymology 1

Probably from Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”); related to English storm.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtʊr.ba]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtur.ba]

Noun

turba f (genitive turbae); first declension

1. turmoil, disorder, stir, disturbance, tumult, uproar, hubbub, commotion, trouble, confusion, disarray, brawl

   Synonyms: rebellio, seditio, inquies, concursus, inquiētūdō, perculsus, tumultus

   Antonyms: quies, otium, tranquillitas, serenitas, pax

2. mob, crowd, throng

   Synonyms: multitūdō, grex

3. multitude

   Synonym: multitūdō

   • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Lucas.9.16:

     acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas

     Then [Jesus] took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and broke, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	turba	turbae
genitive	turbae	turbārum
dative	turbae	turbīs
accusative	turbam	turbās
ablative	turbā	turbīs
vocative	turba	turbae

Related terms

• turbāmentum
• turbātē
• turbātiō
• turbātor
• turbātrix
• turbātus
• turbēlae
• turbellae
• turben
• turbidē
• turbidus
• turbinātiō
• turbinātus
• turbineus
• turbō
• turbula
• turbulentē
• turbulenter
• turbulentō
• turbulentus

Descendants

• → Catalan: turba
• → Galician: turba
• → Italian: turba
• → Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf
  • Welsh: twrf
• → Middle Welsh: torf
  • Welsh: torf
• → Portuguese: turba
• → Sicilian: turba
• → Spanish: turba

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtʊr.baː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtur.ba]

Verb

turbā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of turbō

References

• “turba”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “turba”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "turba", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “turba”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the lictors clear the way: lictores summovent turbam (Liv. 4. 50)
    
• turba in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “turba”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
• “turba”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin turba.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtuʁ.bɐ/ [ˈtuɦ.bɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtuʁ.bɐ/ [ˈtuɦ.bɐ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈtuɾ.bɐ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈtuʁ.bɐ/
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ˈtuɻ.bɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtuʁ.ba/ [ˈtuɦ.ba]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈtuɾ.bɐ/ [ˈtuɾ.βɐ]

Noun

turba f (plural turbas)

1. crowd, throng
2. mob

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:turba.

Etymology 2

Verb

turba

1. inflection of turbar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “turba”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “turba”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin turbāre.

Verb

a turba (third-person singular present turbează, past participle turbat, third-person subjunctive turbeze) 1st conjugation

1. to go rabid
2. to rage, go mad

Conjugation

    conjugation of turba (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a turba
gerund			turbând
past participle			turbat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	turbez	turbezi	turbează	turbăm	turbați	turbează
	imperfect	turbam	turbai	turba	turbam	turbați	turbau
	simple perfect	turbai	turbași	turbă	turbarăm	turbarăți	turbară
	pluperfect	turbasem	turbaseși	turbase	turbaserăm	turbaserăți	turbaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să turbez	să turbezi	să turbeze	să turbăm	să turbați	să turbeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		turbează			turbați
	negative		nu turba			nu turbați

Derived terms

• turbare

Related terms

• tulbura
• tulbure
• turbăciune
• turbină
• perturba

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtuɾba/ [ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]

• Audio (Peru):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uɾba
• Syllabification: tur‧ba

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin turba.

Noun

turba f (plural turbas)

1. mob

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French tourbe

Noun

turba f (plural turbas)

1. peat

Derived terms

• turbera
• turbero
• turboso

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

turba f

1. feminine singular of turbo

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

turba

1. inflection of turbar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “turba”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Zaghawa

Noun

turba

1. graveyard

References

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad