ψύχω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ψύγω (psúgō)
Etymology
Uncertain. Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰes-, with cognates including Sanskrit भस्त्रा (bhástrā, “bellows”) and Albanian badër. Beekes argues for a Lua error in Module:parameters at line 331: Parameter 2 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "pregrc" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF. origin.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /psy̌ː.kʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpsy.kʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpsy.xo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpsy.xo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpsi.xo/
Verb
ψῡ́χω • (psū́khō)
- I breathe, blow
- I chill, make cold
- I cool, refresh
- Tragica Adespota 7.2
- (passive voice, figuratively) I am frigid
- (transitive) I dry
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 5.3:
- ποιοῦσι δύσοσμον, ἕως ἂν ψυχθῇ
- poioûsi dúsosmon, héōs àn psukhthêi
- [storms] make the earth bad for scent until it dries
- ποιοῦσι δύσοσμον, ἕως ἂν ψυχθῇ
Inflection
Present: ψῡ́χω, ψῡ́χομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ψῡ́χω | ψῡ́χεις | ψῡ́χει | ψῡ́χετον | ψῡ́χετον | ψῡ́χομεν | ψῡ́χετε | ψῡ́χουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ψῡ́χω | ψῡ́χῃς | ψῡ́χῃ | ψῡ́χητον | ψῡ́χητον | ψῡ́χωμεν | ψῡ́χητε | ψῡ́χωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ψῡ́χοιμῐ | ψῡ́χοις | ψῡ́χοι | ψῡ́χοιτον | ψῡχοίτην | ψῡ́χοιμεν | ψῡ́χοιτε | ψῡ́χοιεν | |||||
imperative | ψῦχε | ψῡχέτω | ψῡ́χετον | ψῡχέτων | ψῡ́χετε | ψῡχόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ψῡ́χομαι | ψῡ́χῃ, ψῡ́χει |
ψῡ́χεται | ψῡ́χεσθον | ψῡ́χεσθον | ψῡχόμεθᾰ | ψῡ́χεσθε | ψῡ́χονται | ||||
subjunctive | ψῡ́χωμαι | ψῡ́χῃ | ψῡ́χηται | ψῡ́χησθον | ψῡ́χησθον | ψῡχώμεθᾰ | ψῡ́χησθε | ψῡ́χωνται | |||||
optative | ψῡχοίμην | ψῡ́χοιο | ψῡ́χοιτο | ψῡ́χοισθον | ψῡχοίσθην | ψῡχοίμεθᾰ | ψῡ́χοισθε | ψῡ́χοιντο | |||||
imperative | ψῡ́χου | ψῡχέσθω | ψῡ́χεσθον | ψῡχέσθων | ψῡ́χεσθε | ψῡχέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ψῡ́χειν | ψῡ́χεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ψῡ́χων | ψῡχόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ψῡ́χουσᾰ | ψῡχομένη | |||||||||||
n | ψῦχον | ψῡχόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔψῡχον | ἔψῡχες | ἔψῡχε(ν) | ἐψῡ́χετον | ἐψῡχέτην | ἐψῡ́χομεν | ἐψῡ́χετε | ἔψῡχον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐψῡχόμην | ἐψῡ́χου | ἐψῡ́χετο | ἐψῡ́χεσθον | ἐψῡχέσθην | ἐψῡχόμεθᾰ | ἐψῡ́χεσθε | ἐψῡ́χοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ψῡ́ξω | ψῡ́ξεις | ψῡ́ξει | ψῡ́ξετον | ψῡ́ξετον | ψῡ́ξομεν | ψῡ́ξετε | ψῡ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ψῡ́ξοιμῐ | ψῡ́ξοις | ψῡ́ξοι | ψῡ́ξοιτον | ψῡξοίτην | ψῡ́ξοιμεν | ψῡ́ξοιτε | ψῡ́ξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ψῡ́ξομαι | ψῡ́ξῃ, ψῡ́ξει |
ψῡ́ξεται | ψῡ́ξεσθον | ψῡ́ξεσθον | ψῡξόμεθᾰ | ψῡ́ξεσθε | ψῡ́ξονται | ||||
optative | ψῡξοίμην | ψῡ́ξοιο | ψῡ́ξοιτο | ψῡ́ξοισθον | ψῡξοίσθην | ψῡξοίμεθᾰ | ψῡ́ξοισθε | ψῡ́ξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ψυχθήσομαι | ψυχθήσῃ | ψυχθήσεται | ψυχθήσεσθον | ψυχθήσεσθον | ψυχθησόμεθᾰ | ψυχθήσεσθε | ψυχθήσονται | ||||
optative | ψυχθησοίμην | ψυχθήσοιο | ψυχθήσοιτο | ψυχθήσοισθον | ψυχθησοίσθην | ψυχθησοίμεθᾰ | ψυχθήσοισθε | ψυχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ψῡ́ξειν | ψῡ́ξεσθαι | ψυχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ψῡ́ξων | ψῡξόμενος | ψυχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ψῡ́ξουσᾰ | ψῡξομένη | ψυχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ψῦξον | ψῡξόμενον | ψυχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: ψῠγήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ψῠγήσομαι | ψῠγήσῃ | ψῠγήσεται | ψῠγήσεσθον | ψῠγήσεσθον | ψῠγησόμεθᾰ | ψῠγήσεσθε | ψῠγήσονται | ||||
optative | ψῠγησοίμην | ψῠγήσοιο | ψῠγήσοιτο | ψῠγήσοισθον | ψῠγησοίσθην | ψῠγησοίμεθᾰ | ψῠγήσοισθε | ψῠγήσοιντο | |||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ψῠγήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ψῠγησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ψῠγησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ψῠγησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐψῠ́χην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐψῠ́χην | ἐψῠ́χης | ἐψῠ́χη | ἐψῠ́χητον | ἐψῠχήτην | ἐψῠ́χημεν | ἐψῠ́χητε | ἐψῠ́χησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ψῠχῶ | ψῠχῇς | ψῠχῇ | ψῠχῆτον | ψῠχῆτον | ψῠχῶμεν | ψῠχῆτε | ψῠχῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ψῠχείην | ψῠχείης | ψῠχείη | ψῠχεῖτον, ψῠχείητον |
ψῠχείτην, ψῠχειήτην |
ψῠχεῖμεν, ψῠχείημεν |
ψῠχεῖτε, ψῠχείητε |
ψῠχεῖεν, ψῠχείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ψῠ́χηθῐ | ψῠχήτω | ψῠ́χητον | ψῠχήτων | ψῠ́χητε | ψῠχέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ψῠχῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ψῠχείς | |||||||||||
f | ψῠχεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ψῠχέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐψῠ́γην (late)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐψῠ́γην | ἐψῠ́γης | ἐψῠ́γη | ἐψῠ́γητον | ἐψῠγήτην | ἐψῠ́γημεν | ἐψῠ́γητε | ἐψῠ́γησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ψῠγῶ | ψῠγῇς | ψῠγῇ | ψῠγῆτον | ψῠγῆτον | ψῠγῶμεν | ψῠγῆτε | ψῠγῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ψῠγείην | ψῠγείης | ψῠγείη | ψῠγεῖτον, ψῠγείητον |
ψῠγείτην, ψῠγειήτην |
ψῠγεῖμεν, ψῠγείημεν |
ψῠγεῖτε, ψῠγείητε |
ψῠγεῖεν, ψῠγείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ψῠ́γηθῐ | ψῠγήτω | ψῠ́γητον | ψῠγήτων | ψῠ́γητε | ψῠγέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ψῠγῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ψῠγείς | |||||||||||
f | ψῠγεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ψῠγέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Synonyms
- (breathe, blow): πνέω (pnéō)
Derived terms
- ᾰ̓νᾰψῡ́χω (anapsū́khō)
- ἀντῐψῡ́χω (antipsū́khō)
- ᾰ̓ποψῡ́χω (apopsū́khō)
- ᾰ̓́ψυκτος (ápsuktos)
- δῐᾰψῡ́χω (diapsū́khō)
- δῠ́σψυκτος (dúspsuktos)
- ἐκψῡ́χω (ekpsū́khō)
- ἐμψῡ́χω (empsū́khō)
- ἐπῐψῡ́χω (epipsū́khō)
- εὔψυκτος (eúpsuktos)
- εὐψῡχής (eupsūkhḗs)
- ἡμῐ́ψυκτος (hēmípsuktos)
- κᾰτᾰψῡ́χω (katapsū́khō)
- οἰνοψυκτήρ (oinopsuktḗr)
- πᾰρᾰψῡ́χω (parapsū́khō)
- περιψῡ́χω (peripsū́khō)
- προσψῡ́χω (prospsū́khō)
- προψῡ́χω (propsū́khō)
- σκῐόψυκτος (skiópsuktos)
- σῠμψῡ́χομαι (sumpsū́khomai)
- ὑδροψῠγεῖον (hudropsugeîon)
- ὑδροψύκτῐον (hudropsúktion)
- ῠ̔περψῡ́χω (huperpsū́khō)
- ῠ̔ποψῡ́χω (hupopsū́khō)
- χλιᾰροψῡ́χῐον (khliaropsū́khion)
- ψῡχοποιός (psūkhopoiós)
- ψῡχορροφέω (psūkhorrhophéō)
Related terms
- ψῠγεῖον (psugeîon)
- ψῠγεύς (psugeús)
- ψῠ́γμᾰ (psúgma)
- ψυγμός (psugmós)
- ψυκτέον (psuktéon)
- ψυκτήρ (psuktḗr)
- ψυκτηρῐ́δῐον (psuktērídion)
- ψυκτήρῐον (psuktḗrion)
- ψυκτήρῐος (psuktḗrios)
- ψυκτηρίσκος (psuktērískos)
- ψυκτῐκός (psuktikós)
- ψύκτρα (psúktra)
- ψῦξῐς (psûxis)
- ψῡχάζω (psūkházō)
- ψῡχεινός (psūkheinós)
- ψῡχεῖον (psūkheîon)
- ψῡχή (psūkhḗ)
- ψῡχίζομαι (psūkhízomai)
- ψῦχος (psûkhos)
- ψῡχόω (psūkhóō)
- ψῡ́χρᾱ (psū́khrā)
- ψῡχρός (psūkhrós)
References
- “ψύχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ψύχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ψύχω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ψύχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ψύχω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G5594 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible