кувалда
Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda), attested since 1655.
In spite of phonetical and semantical differences, most likely with metathesis from Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, “anvil”) (since 1635), whence also Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo), Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla) and, notably, Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla), from Middle Polish kowadło (in modern sense since 16th c.), from Old Czech kovadlo (since 14th c.; whence Czech kovadlina), from kovat (“to forge”), from Proto-Slavic *kovati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-. Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, “sledgehammer”) may either be a late Russian borrowing or a descendant of an unattested Old Ruthenian source.
Historically also explained as a derivative of вали́ть (valítʹ, “to fell, to knock down”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кува́лда • (kuválda) f inan (genitive кува́лды, nominative plural кува́лды, genitive plural кува́лд, relational adjective кува́лдовый, diminutive кува́лдочка)
- sledgehammer (kind of hammer)
- Synonym: (dated) балда́ (baldá)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | кува́лда kuválda |
кува́лды kuváldy |
genitive | кува́лды kuváldy |
кува́лд kuváld |
dative | кува́лде kuválde |
кува́лдам kuváldam |
accusative | кува́лду kuváldu |
кува́лды kuváldy |
instrumental | кува́лдой, кува́лдою kuváldoj, kuváldoju |
кува́лдами kuváldami |
prepositional | кува́лде kuválde |
кува́лдах kuváldax |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | кува́лда kuválda |
кува́лды kuváldy |
genitive | кува́лды kuváldy |
кува́лдъ kuváld |
dative | кува́лдѣ kuváldě |
кува́лдамъ kuváldam |
accusative | кува́лду kuváldu |
кува́лды kuváldy |
instrumental | кува́лдой, кува́лдою kuváldoj, kuváldoju |
кува́лдами kuváldami |
prepositional | кува́лдѣ kuváldě |
кува́лдахъ kuváldax |
Derived terms
[edit]- кува́лдить (kuválditʹ), кувалди́ровать (kuvaldírovatʹ)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кувалда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кува́лда • (kuválda) f inan (genitive кува́лди, nominative plural кува́лди, genitive plural кува́лд)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | кува́лда kuválda |
кува́лди kuváldy |
genitive | кува́лди kuváldy |
кува́лд kuváld |
dative | кува́лді kuváldi |
кува́лдам kuváldam |
accusative | кува́лду kuváldu |
кува́лди kuváldy |
instrumental | кува́лдою kuváldoju |
кува́лдами kuváldamy |
locative | кува́лді kuváldi |
кува́лдах kuváldax |
vocative | кува́лдо kuváldo |
кува́лди kuváldy |
References
[edit]- ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кувалда”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 120
Further reading
[edit]- Busel, V. T. (2005) “кувалда”, in Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови [Great Explanatory Dictionary of Modern Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), 2nd edition, Kyiv, Irpin: Perun, →ISBN, page 594
- A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “кувалда”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
- “кувалда”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
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