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кувалда

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Russian

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Russian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ru
кувалда

Etymology

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Inherited from Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda), attested since 1655.

In spite of phonetical and semantical differences, most likely with metathesis from Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, anvil) (since 1635), whence also Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo), Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla) and, notably, Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla), from Middle Polish kowadło (in modern sense since 16th c.), from Old Czech kovadlo (since 14th c.; whence Czech kovadlina), from kovat (to forge), from Proto-Slavic *kovati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-. Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, sledgehammer) may either be a late Russian borrowing or a descendant of an unattested Old Ruthenian source. Cognate with кий (kij), кия́нка (kijánka) (via *kewh₂-).

Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *moltiti (whence молоти́ть (molotítʹ)) < *moltъ (whence мо́лот (mólot)); Latin malleō < malleus (the opposite derivation (verb <- noun), further, however, from the verb Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (whence *melti > моло́ть (molótʹ); Latin molō)).

Historically also explained as a derivative of вали́ть (valítʹ, to fell, to knock down).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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кува́лда (kuváldaf inan (genitive кува́лды, nominative plural кува́лды, genitive plural кува́лд, relational adjective кува́лдовый, diminutive кува́лдочка)

  1. sledgehammer (kind of hammer)
    Synonym: (dated) балда́ (baldá)

Declension

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Derived terms

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Via Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-:

Descendants

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  • Armenian: կվալդ (kvald)
  • Belarusian: кува́лда (kuválda)
  • Ukrainian: кува́лда (kuválda)

References

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кувалда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Further reading

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Ukrainian

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Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia uk

Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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кува́лда (kuváldaf inan (genitive кува́лди, nominative plural кува́лди, genitive plural кува́лд)

  1. sledgehammer

Declension

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Declension of кува́лда
(inan hard fem-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative кува́лда
kuválda
кува́лди
kuváldy
genitive кува́лди
kuváldy
кува́лд
kuváld
dative кува́лді
kuváldi
кува́лдам
kuváldam
accusative кува́лду
kuváldu
кува́лди
kuváldy
instrumental кува́лдою
kuváldoju
кува́лдами
kuváldamy
locative кува́лді
kuváldi
кува́лдах
kuváldax
vocative кува́лдо
kuváldo
кува́лди
kuváldy

References

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  1. ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кувалда”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 120

Further reading

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