лъхам
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Bulgarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lъxati.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
лъ́хам • (lǎ́ham) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective лъ́хна)
- (intransitive) to whiff, to puff, to blow softly (of wind)
- c. 19th century, “Дуйни ми, лъхни”:
- Дуйни ми, лъхни, бел ветре! Разтопи бели снегове...
- Dujni mi, lǎhni, bel vetre! Raztopi beli snegove...
- Blow for me, whiff, oh white wind! Melt the white snow...
- (transitive, intransitive, including figuratively) to emit smell, to exhale, to emanate
- лъха мирис на свежест ― lǎha miris na svežest ― to emit smell of freshness
- лъхам самочувствие ― lǎham samočuvstvie ― to display self-confidence
- (transitive, intransitive) (+ accusative or dative pronoun) to smell, to stink, to scent (to somebody)
- лъха ми на мухъл ― lǎha mi na muhǎl ― to stink [to me] like mould
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of лъ́хам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | лъ́хащ lǎ́hašt |
лъ́хал, лъха́л1 lǎ́hal, lǎhál1 |
лъ́хал lǎ́hal |
— | лъ́хайки lǎ́hajki | |
| definite subject form | лъ́хащият lǎ́haštijat |
лъ́халият, лъха́лият1 lǎ́halijat, lǎhálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | лъ́хащия lǎ́haštija |
лъ́халия, лъха́лия1 lǎ́halija, lǎhálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | лъ́хаща lǎ́hašta |
лъ́хала, лъха́ла1 lǎ́hala, lǎhála1 |
лъ́хала lǎ́hala |
— | ||
| definite | лъ́хащата lǎ́haštata |
лъ́халата, лъха́лата1 lǎ́halata, lǎhálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | лъ́хащо lǎ́hašto |
лъ́хало, лъха́ло1 lǎ́halo, lǎhálo1 |
лъ́хало lǎ́halo |
— | лъ́хане lǎ́hane | |
| definite | лъ́хащото lǎ́haštoto |
лъ́халото, лъха́лото1 lǎ́haloto, lǎháloto1 |
— | — | лъ́хането lǎ́haneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | лъ́хащи lǎ́hašti |
лъ́хали, лъха́ли1 lǎ́hali, lǎháli1 |
лъ́хали lǎ́hali |
— | лъ́хания, лъ́ханета lǎ́hanija, lǎ́haneta | |
| definite | лъ́хащите lǎ́haštite |
лъ́халите, лъха́лите1 lǎ́halite, lǎhálite1 |
— | — | лъ́ханията, лъ́ханетата lǎ́hanijata, lǎ́hanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | лъ́хам lǎ́ham |
лъ́хаш lǎ́haš |
лъ́ха lǎ́ha |
лъ́хаме lǎ́hame |
лъ́хате lǎ́hate |
лъ́хат lǎ́hat | |
| imperfect | лъ́хах lǎ́hah |
лъ́хаше lǎ́haše |
лъ́хаше lǎ́haše |
лъ́хахме lǎ́hahme |
лъ́хахте lǎ́hahte |
лъ́хаха lǎ́haha | |
| aorist | лъ́хах, лъха́х1 lǎ́hah, lǎháh1 |
лъ́ха, лъха́1 lǎ́ha, lǎhá1 |
лъ́ха, лъха́1 lǎ́ha, lǎhá1 |
лъ́хахме, лъха́хме1 lǎ́hahme, lǎháhme1 |
лъ́хахте, лъха́хте1 lǎ́hahte, lǎháhte1 |
лъ́хаха, лъха́ха1 lǎ́haha, lǎháha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лъ́хал m, лъ́хала f, лъ́хало n, or лъ́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лъ́хал m, лъ́хала f, лъ́хало n, or лъ́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́хал m, лъ́хала f, лъ́хало n, or лъ́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and лъ́хал/лъха́л1 m, лъ́хала/лъха́ла1 f, лъ́хало/лъха́ло1 n, or лъ́хали/лъха́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| лъ́хай lǎ́haj |
лъ́хайте lǎ́hajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
verbs
- лъ́хвам (lǎ́hvam), лъ́хкам (lǎ́hkam) (semelfactive)
- лъхтя́ (lǎhtjá, “to emit fragrance”) (iterative)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “лъхам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лъхам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “лъ́хамь (лъ́хвамь, да лъ́хнѫ, лъ́хнувамь)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 28
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лъхва, лъхнува”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 571
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- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian verbs
- Bulgarian imperfective verbs
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- Bulgarian transitive verbs
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- Bulgarian conjugation 3 verbs