אדום

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
א־ד־ם (ʾ-d-m)
9 terms

Compare Akkadian 𒌑𒁺𒈠𒀀𒀀, Classical Syriac ܐܕܘܡ, Arabic ادوم, Edomite 𐤀𐤃𐤌 (ʾdm).

Pronunciation

• (reconstructed Biblical) IPA^(key): /ʔaːˈdoːm/
• (Tiberian) IPA^(key): /ʔɔːˈðoːm/, [ʔɔˑˈðoː.om]
• (Yemenite) IPA^(key): /ʔɔˈðøm/, [ʔɔːˈðøːm]
• (Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔɒˈdom/
• (Iraqi) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈdom/
• (Sephardi) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)aˈdom/
• (Ashkenazi) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ɔˈdojm/
• (Modern Israeli) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)aˈdom/

• Audio:

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Adjective

אדום / אָדֹם • (adóm) (feminine אדומה / אֲדֻמָּה, masculine plural אדומים / אֲדֻמִּים, feminine plural אדומות / אֲדֻמּוֹת) [pattern: קָטֹל]

1. red

Derived terms

• אֲדַמְדַּם (adamdám)
• הַצְּלָב הָאָדוֹם (hatzláv ha'adóm)
• יין אדום / יַיִן אָדֹם (yáyin adóm)
• מגן דוד אדום / מָגֵן דָּוִד אָדֹם (magén davíd adóm)
• פרה אדומה / פָּרָה אֲדֻמָּה (pará adumá)
• שטיח אדום / שָׁטִיחַ אָדֹם (shatíakh adóm)
• תת אדום / תּת־אָדֹם (tat adóm)

See also

Colors in Hebrew · צְבָעִים (ts'va'ím) (layout · text)

לָבָן (laván)	אפור / אָפֹר (afór)	שחור / שָׁחֹר (shakhór)
אדום / אָדֹם (adóm); אַרְגָּמָן (argamán)	כתום / כָּתֹם (katóm); חוּם (khúm)	צהוב / צָהֹב (tsahóv); קְרֶם (krém)
לַיְם / ליים (láym)	ירוק / יָרֹק (yarók)
צִיאָן (tsi'án)	תְּכֵלֶת (t'khélet)	כחול / כָּחֹל (kakhól)
סגול / סָגֹל (sagól); אִינְדִּיגוֹ (índigo)	מָגֶ׳נְטָה (majénta); סגול / סָגֹל (sagól)	ורוד / וָרֹד (varód)

Noun

אדום / אָדֹם • (adóm) m

1. red

Etymology 2

From אָדֹם (“red”), see Genesis 25:30. Attested to in Ancient Egyptian as Egyptian jdwmꜥ

The medieval use of "Edom" to refer to Christians referred to the Jewish view of Christianity as a heresy that originated from Judaism, comparing Christians to Esau as a relative who was hostile to Jacob (who represented the Jewish people). It originated from Jewish writings that compared Herod the Great's tyrannical rule and Idumean origins with his Roman superiors, and then to the Roman Empire by extension for its emperors' persecution of Jewish people. It was later applied to Christianity when the latter became the state religion of the Roman Empire.

Pronunciation

• (Tiberian) IPA^(key): /ʔɛ̆ˈðoːm/, [ʔɛˈðoː.om]
• (Yemenite) IPA^(key): /ʔəˈðøm/, [ʔæˈðøːm]
• (Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔeˈdom/
• (Iraqi) IPA^(key): /ʔeˈdom/
• (Sephardi) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)eˈdom/
• (Ashkenazi) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ɛˈdojm/
• (Modern Israeli) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)eˈdom/

Proper noun

אֱדוֹם • (edóm)

1. Edom (name given to Esau)
2. Edom (region)
3. Edom (the nation of the Edomites)
4. (by extension, derogatory, historical) the Roman Empire
5. (Medieval) Christendom, the Christians
   • 1140, Yehuda HaLevi, “1:6”, in Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon, transl., Sefer Kuzari:

     אַחַר כָּךְ אָמַר הַכּוּזָרִי בְלִבּוֹ, אֶשְׁאַל אֱדוֹם וְיִשְׁמָעִאל, כִּי אֶחָד מִשְּׁנֵי הַמַּעֲשִׂים הוּא הַנִּרְצֶה מֵאֵין סָפֵק.

     After this the Khazar said to himself, I will ask the Christians and the Muslims, for one of these two is undoubtedly God's will.

     (literally, “After this the Khazar said in his heart, I will ask Edom and Ishmael, for one of these two actions is that which is wanted, without a doubt.”)

Coordinate terms

(sense 4)

• ישמעאל (term referring to Muslim countries)
• כנען (term referring to Slavic countries)

Descendants

• → Koine Greek: Ἐδώμ (Edṓm)
  • Greek: Εδώμ (Edóm)
  • → Latin: Edōm, Idūmē
    • → English: Edom

Anagrams

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